Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 15 January 1988:
Vol. 239. no. 4837, pp. 282 - 285
DOI: 10.1126/science.2892269
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 239, Issue 4837, 282-285
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Long-term facilitation in Aplysia involves increase in transmitter release

N Dale, S Schacher, and ER Kandel

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.

In a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates, long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission contributes to the storage of memory lasting one or more days. However, it has not been demonstrated directly whether this increase in synaptic transmission is caused by an enhancement of transmitter release or an increase in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors. These possibilities can be distinguished by a quantal analysis in which the size of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential released spontaneously from the presynaptic terminal is used as a reference. By means of microcultures, in which single sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia were plated together, miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials attributable to the spontaneous release of single transmitter quanta from individual presynaptic neurons were recorded and used to analyze long-term facilitation induced by repeated applications of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The results indicate that the facilitation is caused by an increase in the number of transmitter quanta released by the presynaptic neuron.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Serotonin Induces Memory-Like, Rapamycin-Sensitive Hyperexcitability in Sensory Axons of Aplysia That Contributes to Injury Responses.
R. M. S. Weragoda and E. T. Walters (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 1231-1239
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
5-Hydroxytryptamine Induces a Protein Kinase A/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated and Macromolecular Synthesis-Dependent Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation in the Amygdala.
Y.-Y. Huang and E. R. Kandel (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 3111-3119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Emerging Roles for Ubiquitin and Protein Degradation in Neuronal Function.
J. J. Yi and M. D. Ehlers (2007)
Pharmacol. Rev. 59, 14-39
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spinal use-dependent plasticity of synaptic transmission in humans after a single cycling session.
S. Meunier, J. Kwon, H. Russmann, S. Ravindran, R. Mazzocchio, and L. Cohen (2007)
J. Physiol. 579, 375-388
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Term Sensitization Training Produces Spike Narrowing in Aplysia Sensory Neurons.
E. G. Antzoulatos and J. H. Byrne (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 676-683
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptogenesis regulates axotomy-induced activation of c-Jun-activator protein-1 transcription..
Y.-J. Sung, F. Wu, S. Schacher, and R. T. Ambron (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6439-6449
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Storage in Aplysia.
R. D. Hawkins, E. R. Kandel, and C. H. Bailey (2006)
Biol. Bull. 210, 174-191
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coregulation of Glutamate Uptake and Long-Term Sensitization in Aplysia.
O. Khabour, J. Levenson, L. C. Lyons, L. S. Kategaya, J. Chin, J. H. Byrne, and A. Eskin (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 8829-8837
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Neuronal Isoform of Protein Kinase G Couples Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Nuclear Import to Axotomy-Induced Long-Term Hyperexcitability in Aplysia Sensory Neurons.
Y.-J. Sung, E. T. Walters, and R. T. Ambron (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 7583-7595
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Desensitization of Postsynaptic Glutamate Receptors Contributes to High-Frequency Homosynaptic Depression of Aplysia Sensorimotor Connections.
E. G. Antzoulatos, L. J. Cleary, A. Eskin, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne (2003)
Learn. Mem. 10, 309-313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitation of Contacts Among Sensory, Motor, and Serotonergic Neurons in the Pedal Ganglion of Aplysia.
H. Zhang, M. Wainwright, J. H. Byrne, and L. J. Cleary (2003)
Learn. Mem. 10, 387-393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms Involved in Persistent Facilitation of Neuromuscular Synapses in Aplysia.
L. E. Fox and P. E. Lloyd (2002)
J Neurophysiol 87, 2018-2030
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of Presynaptic Action Potential Kinetics Underlies Synaptic Facilitation of Type B Photoreceptors after Associative Conditioning in Hermissenda.
C. C. Gandhi and L. D. Matzel (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 2022-2035
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of Protein Kinase A Contributes to the Expression But Not the Induction of Long-Term Hyperexcitability Caused by Axotomy of Aplysia Sensory Neurons.
X. Liao, J. D. Gunstream, M. R. Lewin, R. T. Ambron, and E. T. Walters (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 1247-1256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Active Motor Neurons Potentiate Their Own Sensory Inputs via Glutamate-Induced Long-Term Potentiation.
D. Le Ray and D. Cattaert (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 1473-1483
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cellular Correlates of Long-Term Sensitization in Aplysia.
L. J. Cleary, W. L. Lee, and J. H. Byrne (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 5988-5998
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Binding of Serotonin to Receptors at Multiple Sites Is Required for Structural Plasticity Accompanying Long-Term Facilitation of Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses.
Z.-Y. Sun and S. Schacher (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 3991-4000
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Term Effects of Axotomy on Excitability and Growth of Isolated Aplysia Sensory Neurons in Cell Culture: Potential Role of cAMP.
S. S. Bedi, A. Salim, S. Chen, and D. L. Glanzman (1998)
J Neurophysiol 79, 1371-1383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Site-Specific and Sensory Neuron-Dependent Increases in Postsynaptic Glutamate Sensitivity Accompany Serotonin-Induced Long-Term Facilitation at Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses.
H. Zhu, F. Wu, and S. Schacher (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 4976-4986
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pathway-Specific Synaptic Plasticity: Activity-Dependent Enhancement and Suppression of Long-Term Heterosynaptic Facilitation at Converging Inputs on a Single Target.
S. Schacher, F. Wu, and Z.-Y. Sun (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 597-606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Distribution of Functional Receptors for Neuromodulators Evoking Short-Term Heterosynaptic Plasticity in Aplysia Sensory Neurons.
Z.-Y. Sun, B. Kauderer, and S. Schacher (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 7540-7549
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toward a molecular definition of long-term memory storage.
C. H. Bailey, D. Bartsch, and E. R. Kandel (1996)
PNAS 93, 13445-13452
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation provides a cellular mechanism for the temporal specificity of classical conditioning in Aplysia..
G A Clark, R D Hawkins, and E R Kandel (1994)
Learn. Mem. 1, 243-257
   Abstract »    PDF »
Target-dependent structural changes accompanying long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia neurons.
D. Glanzman, E. Kandel, and S Schacher (1990)
Science 249, 799-802
   Abstract »    PDF »
Long-term synaptic changes produced by a cellular analog of classical conditioning in Aplysia.
D. Buonomano and J. Byrne (1990)
Science 249, 420-423
   Abstract »    PDF »
Long-term Facilitation in Aplysia: Persistent Phosphorylation and Structural Changes.
S. Schacher, D. Glanzman, A. Barzilai, P. Dash, S.G.N. Grant, F. Keller, M. Mayford, and E.R. Kandel (1990)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 55, 187-202
   Abstract »    PDF »
cAMP evokes long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis.
S Schacher, V. Castellucci, and E. Kandel (1988)
Science 240, 1667-1669
   Abstract »    PDF »
Long-term regulation of neuronal high-affinity glutamate and glutamine uptake in Aplysia.
J. Levenson, S. Endo, L. S. Kategaya, R. I. Fernandez, D. G. Brabham, J. Chin, J. H. Byrne, and A. Eskin (2000)
PNAS 97, 12858-12863
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Presynaptic Morphological Changes Associated with Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation Are Triggered by Actin Polymerization at Preexisting Varicositis.
Y. Hatada, F. Wu, Z.-Y. Sun, S. Schacher, and D. J. Goldberg (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, RC82
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)