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Science 24 April 1987:
Vol. 236. no. 4800, pp. 445 - 448
DOI: 10.1126/science.3563520
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Articles

Science, Vol 236, Issue 4800, 445-448
Copyright © 1987 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Evidence for increased somatic cell mutations at the glycophorin A locus in atomic bomb survivors

RG Langlois, WL Bigbee, S Kyoizumi, N Nakamura, MA Bean, M Akiyama, and RH Jensen

A recently developed assay for somatic cell mutations was used to study survivors of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima. This assay measures the frequency of variant erythrocytes produced by erythroid precursor cells with mutations that result in a loss of gene expression at the polymorphic glycophorin A (GPA) locus. Significant linear relations between variant frequency (VF) and radiation exposure were observed for three different variant cell phenotypes. The spontaneous and induced VFs agree with previous measurements of radiation-induced mutagenesis in other systems; this evidence supports a mutational origin for variant cells characterized by a loss of GPA expression and suggests that the GPA assay system may provide a cumulative dosimeter of past radiation exposures. VFs for some survivors differ dramatically from the calculated dose response, and these deviations appear to result primarily from statistical fluctuations in the number of mutations in the stem-cell pool. These fluctuations allow one to estimate the number of long-lived hemopoietic stem cells in humans.


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Integr Cancer Ther 7, 155-161
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Individual Variation of Somatic Gene Mutability in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility: Prospective Study on Erythrocyte Glycophorin A Gene Mutations of Atomic Bomb Survivors.
S. Kyoizumi, Y. Kusunoki, T. Hayashi, M. Hakoda, J. B. Cologne, and K. Nakachi (2005)
Cancer Res. 65, 5462-5469
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Implications of somatic mutations in the AML1 gene in radiation-associated and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia.
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Pregnancy Outcome After Treatment for Wilms Tumor: A Report From the National Wilms Tumor Study Group.
D. M. Green, E. M. Peabody, B. Nan, S. Peterson, J. A. Kalapurakal, and N. E. Breslow (2002)
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NK-Mediated Elimination of Mutant Lymphocytes that Have Lost Expression of MHC Class I Molecules.
Y. Kusunoki, S. Kyoizumi, M. Honma, Y. Kubo, H. Ohnishi, T. Hayashi, and T. Seyama (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 3555-3563
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Hprt mutant frequency and aromatic DNA adduct level in non-smoking and smoking lung cancer patients and population controls.
S.-M. Hou, K. Yang, F. Nyberg, K. Hemminki, G. Pershagen, and B. Lambert (1999)
Carcinogenesis 20, 437-444
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Birth Defects and Childhood Cancer in Offspring of Survivors of Childhood Cancer.
D. M. Green, A. Fiorello, M. A. Zevon, B. Hall, and N. Seigelstein (1997)
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151, 379-383
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Radiation Accidents and Nuclear Energy: Medical Consequences and Therapy.
R. E. Champlin, W. E. Kastenberg, and R. P. Gale (1988)
Ann Intern Med 109, 730-744
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Acute Radiation Syndrome.
S. C. Finch (1987)
JAMA 258, 664-667
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