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Science 10 October 1986:
Vol. 234. no. 4773, pp. 189 - 193
DOI: 10.1126/science.234.4773.189
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Articles

Lightning Strike Fusion: Extreme Reduction and Metal-Silicate Liquid Immiscibility

E. J. ESSENE 1 and D. C. FISHER 2

1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
2 Department of Geological Sciences and the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

A glassy fulgurite, formed recently on a morainal ridge in southeastern Michigan, contains micrometer- to centimeter-sized metallic globules rich in native silicon, which unmixed from a silica-rich liquid. The unusual character of these globules and their potential for elucidating conditions of fulgurite formation prompted further study. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that temperatures in excess of 2000 K and reducing conditions approaching those of the SiO2-Si buffer were needed to form the coexisting metallic and silicate liquids. The phases produced are among the most highly reduced naturally occurring materials known. Some occurrences of other highly reduced minerals may also be due to lightning strike reduction. Extreme reduction and volatilization may also occur during high-temperature events such as lightning strikes in presolar nebulae and impacts of extraterrestrial bodies. As a result of scavenging of platinum-group elements by highly reduced metallic liquids, geochemical anomalies associated with the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary may have a significant terrestrial component even if produced through bolide impact.

Submitted on March 10, 1986
Accepted on July 11, 1986


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