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Science 22 August 1986:
Vol. 233. no. 4766, pp. 889 - 892
DOI: 10.1126/science.3090685
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Articles

Science, Vol 233, Issue 4766, 889-892
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Upstream operators enhance repression of the lac promoter

MC Mossing and MT Record Jr

To study regulation of transcription by distant elements, a wild-type lac operator was inserted upstream of a promoter-constitutive operator control region. The upstream operator is shown to aid in repression of transcription from the mutant control region. The effectiveness of the upstream operator as a function of its distance from the mutant control region parallels the length dependence observed for DNA cyclization. A quantitative model is proposed for action-at-a-distance of DNA control sites in which protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions are mediated by DNA looping. In this model, the effective concentrations of interacting proteins that are tethered by DNA are determined by the length of the intervening DNA and by its inherent bending and torsional stiffness. This model makes a number of predictions for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic control sequences located far from their sites of action.


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A protein-induced DNA bend increases the specificity of a prokaryotic enhancer-binding protein.
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Comparison of the DNA Association Kinetics of the Lac Repressor Tetramer, Its Dimeric Mutant LacIadi, and the Native Dimeric Gal Repressor.
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Measurement of lactose repressor-mediated loop formation and breakdown in single DNA molecules.
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A bacterial enhancer functions to tether a transcriptional activator near a promoter.
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DNA looping in cellular repression of transcription of the galactose operon..
N Mandal, W Su, R Haber, S Adhya, and H Echols (1990)
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Function of a bacterial activator protein that binds to transcriptional enhancers.
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Position and density effects on repression by stationary and mobile DNA-binding proteins..
S J Elledge and R W Davis (1989)
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A 72-Base Pair AT-rich DNA Sequence Element Functions as a Bacterial Gene Silencer.
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