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Science 17 September 1982:
Vol. 217. no. 4565, pp. 1140 - 1142
DOI: 10.1126/science.217.4565.1140
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Articles

Nitrogen Fixation in the Marine Environment

DOUGLAS G. CAPONE 1 and EDWARD J. CARPENTER 1

1 Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794

Cyanobacteria of the genus Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) account for annual inputs of nitrogen to the world's oceans of about 4.8 x 1012 grams while benthic environments contribute 15 x 1012 grams. The sum of these inputs is one-fifth of current estimates of nitrogen fixation in terrestrial environments and one-half of the present rate of industrial synthesis of ammonia. When the total of all nitrogen inputs to the sea is compared with estimated losses through denitrification, the marine nitrogen cycle approximates a steady state. Oceanic nitrogen fixation can supply less than 0.3 percent of the calculated demand of marine phytoplankton. The minor contribution by nitrogen fixation to the overall nitrogen economy of the sea is not consistent with the supposition that nitrogen is the primary limiting nutrient and suggests that factors other than nitrogen availability limit phytoplankton growth rates.

Submitted on April 23, 1982
Revised on June 21, 1982


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