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Science 7 November 1980:
Vol. 210. no. 4470, pp. 665 - 667
DOI: 10.1126/science.210.4470.665
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Articles

Kin Selection: Its Components

MICHAEL J. WADE 1

1 Department of Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Change in gene frequency under kin selection is the sum of two components, namely, [See equation in the PDF file], a change in gene frequency caused by individual selection, and [See equation in the PDF file], a change caused by group selection. For the evolution of altruistic traits by kin selection, [See equation in the PDF file] is always negative—that is, individual selection operates against altruism—and [See equation in the PDF file] is always positive, so that selection between groups favors altruism. Hamilton's rule specifies the conditions under which [See equation in the PDF file]—that is, the conditions necessary for intergroup selection to override individual selection.

Submitted on May 6, 1980
Revised on August 1, 1980


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