Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 8 April 1977:
Vol. 196. no. 4286, pp. 170 - 172
DOI: 10.1126/science.322276
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 196, Issue 4286, 170-172
Copyright © 1977 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Recombinational switch for gene expression

J Zieg, M Silverman, M Hilmen, and M Simon

Flagellar antigens are specified by two genes, H1 and H2. The expression of these genes is regulated such that only one gene activity, or phase, is expressed at a given time. Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate the segments of Salmonella DNA which contain these genetic loci. Heteroduplex analyses revealed an anomaly in the cloned fragment, that is, and apparent inversion, which was shown to be adjacent to the H2 gene. A correlation was demonstrated between the phase state of the H2 gene and the sequence of the adjacent segment. We propose that an inversion of this region is the phase-determining event in flagellar gene expression in Salmonella.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
A Genomic Islet Mediates Flagellar Phase Variation in Escherichia coli Strains Carrying the Flagellin-Specifying Locus flk.
L. Feng, B. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. A. Ratiner, B. Hu, D. Li, X. Zong, W. Xiong, and L. Wang (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 4470-4477
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulatory protein that inhibits both synthesis and use of the target protein controls flagellar phase variation in Salmonella enterica.
P. D. Aldridge, C. Wu, J. Gnerer, J. E. Karlinsey, K. T. Hughes, and M. S. Sachs (2006)
PNAS 103, 11340-11345
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two DNA Invertases Contribute to Flagellar Phase Variation in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain LT2.
K. Kutsukake, H. Nakashima, A. Tominaga, and T. Abo (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 950-957
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FljA-Mediated Posttranscriptional Control of Phase 1 Flagellin Expression in Flagellar Phase Variation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.
S. Yamamoto and K. Kutsukake (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 958-967
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiplex PCR for Distinguishing the Most Common Phase-1 Flagellar Antigens of Salmonella spp..
S. Herrera-Leon, J. R. McQuiston, M. A. Usera, P. I. Fields, J. Garaizar, and M. A. Echeita (2004)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 2581-2586
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC, fljB, and flpA from Salmonella.
J. R. McQuiston, R. Parrenas, M. Ortiz-Rivera, L. Gheesling, F. Brenner, and P. I. Fields (2004)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 1923-1932
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Variable Lipoprotein Genes of Mycoplasma agalactiae Are Activated In Vivo by Promoter Addition via Site-Specific DNA Inversions.
R. Flitman-Tene, S. Mudahi-Orenstein, S. Levisohn, and D. Yogev (2003)
Infect. Immun. 71, 3821-3830
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium.
S. Patrick, J. Parkhill, L. J. McCoy, N. Lennard, M. J. Larkin, M. Collins, M. Sczaniecka, and G. Blakely (2003)
Microbiology 149, 915-924
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Promoter Inversions Generate Surface Antigenic Variation in Mycoplasma penetrans.
A. Horino, Y. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, and T. Kenri (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 231-242
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conversion of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococci from Heterotypic to Homotypic Resistance Expression.
J. E. Finan, A. E. Rosato, T. M. Dickinson, D. Ko, and G. L. Archer (2002)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 24-30
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Inversion in the Tail Fiber Gene Alters the Host Range Specificity of Carotovoricin Er, a Phage-Tail-Like Bacteriocin of Phytopathogenic Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora Er.
H. A. Nguyen, T. Tomita, M. Hirota, J. Kaneko, T. Hayashi, and Y. Kamio (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 6274-6281
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Flagellar Phase Variation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Contributes to Virulence in the Murine Typhoid Infection Model but Does Not Influence Salmonella-Induced Enteropathogenesis.
J. S. Ikeda, C. K. Schmitt, S. C. Darnell, P. R. Watson, J. Bispham, T. S. Wallis, D. L. Weinstein, E. S. Metcalf, P. Adams, C. D. O'Connor, et al. (2001)
Infect. Immun. 69, 3021-3030
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stationary-Phase Variation Due to Transposition of Novel Insertion Elements in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
R. Rajeshwari and R. V. Sonti (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 4797-4802
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Some Flagellin Genes of Salmonella enterica.
C. Dauga, A. Zabrovskaia, and P. A. D. Grimont (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 2835-2843
   Abstract »    Full Text »
A site-specific recombinase is required for competitive root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365.
L. C. Dekkers, C. C. Phoelich, L. van der Fits, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg (1998)
PNAS 95, 7051-7056
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salmonella Flagellin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in a Human Promonocytic Cell Line.
F. Ciacci-Woolwine, I. C. Blomfield, S. H. Richardson, and S. B. Mizel (1998)
Infect. Immun. 66, 1127-1134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromosomal rearrangement generating a composite gene for a developmental transcription factor.
P Stragier, B Kunkel, L Kroos, and R Losick (1989)
Science 243, 507-512
   Abstract »    PDF »
Phase variation in Salmonella: analysis of Hin recombinase and hix recombination site interaction in vivo..
K T Hughes, P Youderian, and M I Simon (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 937-948
   Abstract »    PDF »
Synthesis of a sequence-specific DNA-cleaving peptide.
J. Sluka, S. Horvath, M. Bruist, M. Simon, and P. Dervan (1987)
Science 238, 1129-1132
   Abstract »    PDF »
Fis binding to the recombinational enhancer of the Hin DNA inversion system..
M F Bruist, A C Glasgow, R C Johnson, and M I Simon (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 762-772
   Abstract »    PDF »
Synthesis of a site-specific DNA-binding peptide.
M. Bruist, S. Horvath, L. Hood, T. Steitz, and M. Simon (1987)
Science 235, 777-780
   Abstract »    PDF »
Evolution in inbred strains of mice appears rapid.
W. Fitch and W. Atchley (1985)
Science 228, 1169-1175
   Abstract »    PDF »
Inversion of DNA In Vivo and In Vitro by Gin and Pin Proteins.
R.H.A. Plasterk and P. van de Putte (1984)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 49, 295-300
   Abstract »    PDF »
In Vitro Analysis of Hin-mediated Site-specific Recombination.
R.C. Johnson, M.B. Bruist, M.B. Glaccum, and M.I. Simon (1984)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 49, 751-760
   Abstract »    PDF »
Phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli is under transcriptional control.
B. Eisenstein (1981)
Science 214, 337-339
   Abstract »    PDF »
Trans-acting Genes of Bacteriophages P1 and Mu Mediate Inversion of a Specific DNA Segment Involved in Flagellar Phase Variation of Salmonella.
T. Iino and K. Kutsukake (1981)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 45, 11-16
   Abstract »    PDF »
Analysis of the Functional Components of the Phase Variation System.
M. Silverman, J. Zieg, G. Mandel, and M. Simon (1981)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 45, 17-26
   Abstract »    PDF »
Instability among the Components of a Regulatory Element Transposon in Maize.
P. A. Peterson (1981)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 45, 447-455
   Abstract »    PDF »
Phase variation: evolution of a controlling element.
M Simon, J Zieg, M Silverman, G Mandel, and R Doolittle (1980)
Science 209, 1370-1374
   Abstract »    PDF »
Regulatory Structure of the Insertion Region of Bacteriophage {lambda}.
L. Heffernan, M. Benedik, and A. Campbell (1979)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 43, 1127-1134
   Abstract »    PDF »
Implications of RNA-RNA splicing in evolution of eukaryotic cells.
J. Darnell Jr (1978)
Science 202, 1257-1260
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Two-dimensional Fractionation of Drosophila DNA.
S. S. Potter and C. A. Thomas Jr. (1978)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 42, 1023-1031
   Abstract »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)