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Science 1 March 1974:
Vol. 183. no. 4127, pp. 817 - 824
DOI: 10.1126/science.183.4127.817
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Articles

Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins and Gene Regulation

Nonhistone chromosomal proteins may participate in the specific regulation of gene transcription in eukaryotes

Gary S. Stein 1, Thomas C. Spelsberg 2, and Lewis J. Kleinsmith 3

1 Department of Biochemistry at the University of Florida, Gainesville 32601
2 Department of Endocrine Research at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901
3 Department of Zoology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104

Evidence from several model systems suggests that nonhistone chromosomal proteins may regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The data indicate that the synthesis of new species of nonhistone chromosomal proteins as well as modifications of preexisting nonhistone chromosomal proteins are involved in the control of transcription. However, from the vast number of proteins included in this class, it is apparent that, in addition to regulating the transcription of defined genome loci, the nonhistone chromosomal proteins include enzymes that have a general function, proteins that are involved in determining the structure of chromatin, as well as proteins that serve as recognition sites for binding of regulatory macromolecules. The presence of a nucleoplasmic pool of nonhistone chromosomal proteins which may exchange with the chromatin has also been reported (89). While it is clear that the nonhistone chromosomal proteins play a key role in the regulation of gene expression, the exact manner in which they interact with the genome to initiate, modify, or augment the transcription of specific RNA molecules remains to be resolved.


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Ultrastructure of Chromatin Subunits during Unfolding, Histone Depletion, and Reconstitution.
C. L. F. Woodcock and L.-L. Y. Frado (1978)
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Stimulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Isolated Nuclei and Nucleoli by Partially Purified Preparations of SV40 T Antigen.
R. Baserga, T. Ide, and S. Whelly (1978)
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Regulation of Histone Gene Expression in HeLa S3 Cells.
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Reconstitution of chromatin subunits.
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Activation of histone gene transcription by nonhistone chromosomal phosphoproteins.
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A serum protein associated with chromatin of cultured fibroblasts.
L Aardi, A Siri, and L Santi (1976)
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Intranuclear Localization of Mercury in vivo.
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