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Science 9 February 1973:
Vol. 179. no. 4073, pp. 582 - 584
DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4073.582
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Articles

Bubble Formation in Physical and Biological Systems: A Manifestation of Counterdiffusion in Composite Media

D. J. Graves 1, J. Idicula 2, C. J. Lambertsen 2, and J. A. Quinn 3

1 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
2 Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
3 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania

The counterdiffusion of gases across a composite layer can lead to supersaturation and development of bubbles within the layer. A physicochemical model has been derived to predict the extent of such supersaturation; experiments with inert liquid layers confirm predictions. These findings explain the evolution of cutaneous lesions observed in man during simulated deep-sea dives and the cutaneous lesions and intravascular bubbles experimentally induced in pigs by exchanging certain inert gases across the skin. The phenomena associated with counterdiffusion have widespread physical and biological implications.


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