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Science 5 January 1973: Vol. 179. no. 4068, pp. 77 - 79 DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4068.77
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Articles
Hypothalamic Polypeptide That Inhibits the Secretion of Immunoreactive Pituitary Growth Hormone
Paul Brazeau 1,
Wylie Vale 1,
Roger Burgus 1,
Nicholas Ling 1,
Madalyn Butcher 1,
Jean Rivier 1, and
Roger Guillemin 1
1 Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
A peptide has been isolated from ovine hypothalamus which, at 1 x 10-9M, inhibits secretion in vitro of immunoreactive rat or human growth hormones and is similarly active in vivo in rats. Its structure is H-Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys-OH The synthetic replicate is biologically active.
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Ann Clin Biochem
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56, 733-743
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- Effect of Intravitreal Administration of Somatostatin and sst2 Analogs on AMPA-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Retina.
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49, 3080-3089
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Mol. Cancer Res.
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J. Physiol.
586, 2511-2522
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
49, 342-349
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J. Physiol.
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148, 2095-2105
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Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol
292, R1956-R1962
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148, 1144-1149
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- Microinjection of exogenous somatostatin in the dorsal vagal complex inhibits pancreatic secretion via somatostatin receptor-2 in rats.
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
292, G746-G752
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- Characterization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-Specific Regulation of Insulin and Glucagon Secretion: An in Vitro Study on Isolated Human Pancreatic Islets.
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Ann. Onc.
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147, 5119-5125
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Lupus
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Eur. J. Endocrinol.
154, 763-775
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- A. T. McElvaine and K. E. Mayo (2006)
Endocrinology
147, 1884-1894
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289, E650-E657
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184, 11-28
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183, 507-515
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Biol Reprod
71, 38-44
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- A. Vasilaki, T. Papadaki, G. Notas, G. Kolios, N. Mastrodimou, D. Hoyer, M. Tsilimbaris, E. Kouroumalis, I. Pallikaris, and K. Thermos (2004)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
45, 1499-1506
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
286, G698-G701
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
89, 638-645
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- N D Stafford, L T Condon, M J C Rogers, L Helboe, D A Crooks, and S L Atkin (2004)
J. Clin. Pathol.
57, 168-171
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Integr. Comp. Biol.
43, 771-779
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- Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones in the Proliferation of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues.
- R. P. Thomas, M. R. Hellmich, C. M. Townsend Jr., and B. M. Evers (2003)
Endocr. Rev.
24, 571-599
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- N. Balthasar, P.-F. Mery, C. B. Magoulas, K. E. Mathers, A. Martin, P. Mollard, and I. C. A. F. Robinson (2003)
Endocrinology
144, 2728-2740
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- V. Simonneaux and C. Ribelayga (2003)
Pharmacol. Rev.
55, 325-395
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- Targeting sst2A Receptor-Expressing Cells in the Rat Hypothalamus through in Vivo Agonist Stimulation: Neuroanatomical Evidence for a Major Role of this Subtype in Mediating Somatostatin Functions.
- Z. Csaba, A. Simon, L. Helboe, J. Epelbaum, and P. Dournaud (2003)
Endocrinology
144, 1564-1573
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- Localization of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids for Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes (sstr1-5) in the Rat Adrenal Gland.
- A.-M. O'Carroll (2003)
J. Histochem. Cytochem.
51, 55-60
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- Expression of IGFBP-3 by Human Retinal Endothelial Cell Cultures: IGFBP-3 Involvement in Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis.
- P. E. Spoerri, S. Caballero, S. H. Wilson, L. C. Shaw, and M. B. Grant (2003)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
44, 365-369
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- Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 5 Regulates Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis.
- M. Z. Strowski, M. Kohler, H. Y. Chen, M. E. Trumbauer, Z. Li, D. Szalkowski, S. Gopal-Truter, J. K. Fisher, J. M. Schaeffer, A. D. Blake, et al. (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol.
17, 93-106
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- AMPA-sst2 somatostatin receptor interaction in rat hypothalamus requires activation of NMDA and/or metabotropic glutamate receptors and depends on intracellular calcium.
- S. Peineau, B. Potier, F. Petit, P. Dournaud, J. Epelbaum, and R. Gardette (2003)
J. Physiol.
546, 101-117
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- Deficit of Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Vitreous Fluid of Diabetic Patients: Possible role in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
- R. Simo, A. Lecube, L. Sararols, J. Garcia-Arumi, R. M. Segura, R. Casamitjana, and C. Hernandez (2002)
Diabetes Care
25, 2282-2286
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- Expression of Somatostatin Receptors 1 and 2 in Human Choroid Plexus and Arachnoid Granulations: Implications for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.
- S. E. Katz, D. D. Klisovic, M. S. O'Dorisio, R. Lynch, and M. Lubow (2002)
Arch Ophthalmol
120, 1540-1543
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- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists: Discovery, Development, and Use in Patients with Acromegaly.
- J. J. Kopchick, C. Parkinson, E. C. Stevens, and P. J. Trainer (2002)
Endocr. Rev.
23, 623-646
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- SOM230: A New Somatostatin Peptidomimetic with Potent Inhibitory Effects on the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Rats, Primates, and Dogs.
- G. Weckbecker, U. Briner, I. Lewis, and C. Bruns (2002)
Endocrinology
143, 4123-4130
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- The clinical role of somatostatin analogues as antineoplastic agents: much ado about nothing?.
- M. Hejna, M. Schmidinger, and M. Raderer (2002)
Ann. Onc.
13, 653-668
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- A Comparison of the Effects of Pegvisomant and Octreotide on Glucose, Insulin, Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, and Pancreatic Polypeptide Responses to Oral Glucose and a Standard Mixed Meal.
- C. Parkinson, W. M. Drake, M. E. Roberts, K. Meeran, G. M. Besser, and P. J. Trainer (2002)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
87, 1797-1804
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- Localization and Regulation of a Functional GHRH Receptor in the Rat Renal Medulla.
- C. Boisvert, C. Pare, C. Veyrat-Durebex, A. Robert, S. Dubuisson, G. Morel, and P. Gaudreau (2002)
Endocrinology
143, 1475-1484
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- Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the aging cardiovascular system.
- A. S. Khan, D. C. Sane, T. Wannenburg, and W. E. Sonntag (2002)
Cardiovasc Res
54, 25-35
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- A pilot study of a long acting somatostatin analogue for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
- D Paran, O Elkayam, A Mayo, H Paran, M Amit, M Yaron, and D Caspi (2001)
Ann Rheum Dis
60, 888-891
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- Somatostatin Receptor Imaging: Current Status and Future Perspectives.
- K. H. Bohuslavizki (2001)
J. Nucl. Med.
42, 1057-1058
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- NADPH-Diaphorase Colocalization with Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes sst2A and sst2B in the Retina.
- A. Vasilaki, R. Gardette, J. Epelbaum, and K. Thermos (2001)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
42, 1600-1609
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- Cerebral Na concentration, Na appetite and thirst of sheep: influence of somatostatin and losartan.
- R. S. Weisinger, J. R. Blair-West, P. Burns, D. A. Denton, and B. Purcell (2001)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol
280, R686-R694
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- The Somatomedin Hypothesis: 2001.
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Endocr. Rev.
22, 53-74
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- Novel Long-Acting Somatostatin Analog with Endocrine Selectivity: Potent Suppression of Growth Hormone But Not of Insulin.
- M. Afargan, E. T. Janson, G. Gelerman, R. Rosenfeld, O. Ziv, O. Karpov, A. Wolf, M. Bracha, D. Shohat, G. Liapakis, et al. (2001)
Endocrinology
142, 477-486
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- Prolactin: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Secretion.
- M. E. Freeman, B. Kanyicska, A. Lerant, and G. Nagy (2000)
Physiol Rev
80, 1523-1631
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- Preclinical Comparison in AR4-2J Tumor-Bearing Mice of Four Radiolabeled 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic Acid-Somatostatin Analogs for Tumor Diagnosis and Internal Radiotherapy.
- S. Froidevaux, A. Heppeler, A. N. Eberle, A.-M. Meier, M. Hausler, C. Beglinger, M. Behe, P. Powell, and H. R. Macke (2000)
Endocrinology
141, 3304-3312
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- Somatostatin-Induced Regulation of SST2A Receptor Expression and Cell Surface Availability in Central Neurons: Role of Receptor Internalization.
- H. Boudin, P. Sarret, J. Mazella, A. Schonbrunn, and A. Beaudet (2000)
J. Neurosci.
20, 5932-5939
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- Social Status Controls Somatostatin Neuron Size and Growth.
- H. A. Hofmann and R. D. Fernald (2000)
J. Neurosci.
20, 4740-4744
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- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: From Structure to Functions.
- D. Vaudry, B. J. Gonzalez, M. Basille, L. Yon, A. Fournier, and H. Vaudry (2000)
Pharmacol. Rev.
52, 269-324
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- Distribution, Targeting, and Internalization of the sst4 Somatostatin Receptor in Rat Brain.
- M. Schreff, S. Schulz, M. Handel, G. Keilhoff, H. Braun, G. Pereira, M. Klutzny, H. Schmidt, G. Wolf, and V. Hollt (2000)
J. Neurosci.
20, 3785-3797
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- Perspective: Research Activity of Enteropancreatic and Brain/Central Nervous System Hormones Across Invertebrates and Vertebrates.
- S. A. Sower, K. Suzuki, and K. L. Reed (2000)
Integr. Comp. Biol.
40, 165-178
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- Structure-Function Relationships of the Signaling System for the Somatostatin Peptide Hormone Family.
- M. A. Sheridan, J. D. Kittilson, and B. J. Slagter (2000)
Integr. Comp. Biol.
40, 269-286
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- Involvement of the Sst1 Somatostatin Receptor Subtype in the Intrahypothalamic Neuronal Network Regulating Growth Hormone Secretion: An in Vitro and in Vivo Antisense Study.
- C. Lanneau, M. T. Bluet-Pajot, P. Zizzari, Z. Csaba, P. Dournaud, L. Helboe, D. Hoyer, E. Pellegrini, G. S. Tannenbaum, J. Epelbaum, et al. (2000)
Endocrinology
141, 967-979
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- Somatostatin Inhibits Insulin and Glucagon Secretion via Two Receptor Subtypes: An in Vitro Study of Pancreatic Islets from Somatostatin Receptor 2 Knockout Mice.
- M. Z. Strowski, R. M. Parmar, A. D. Blake, and J. M. Schaeffer (2000)
Endocrinology
141, 111-117
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- Intracellular Dynamics of sst5 Receptors in Transfected COS-7 Cells: Maintenance of Cell Surface Receptors during Ligand-Induced Endocytosis.
- T. Stroh, A. C. Jackson, P. Sarret, C. Dal Farra, J.-P. Vincent, H.-J. Kreienkamp, J. Mazella, and A. Beaudet (2000)
Endocrinology
141, 354-365
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- Cloning of the Mouse Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 5 Gene: Promoter Structure and Function.
- D. F. Gordon, W. W. Woodmansee, S. R. Lewis, R. A. James, W. M. Wood, and E. C. Ridgway (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 5598-5608
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- C. A. Moore, J. D. Kittilson, M. M. Ehrman, and M. A. Sheridan (1999)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol
277, R1553-R1561
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- DOTA-Lanreotide: A Novel Somatostatin Analog for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.
- P. M. Smith-Jones, C. Bischof, M. Leimer, D. Gludovacz, P. Angelberger, T. Pangerl, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, G. Hamilton, K. Kaserer, A. Kofler, et al. (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 5136-5148
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- Molecular Cloning and Expression of Two Type One Somatostatin Receptors in Goldfish Brain.
- X. Lin, J. A. Janovick, S. Brothers, P. M. Conn, and R. E. Peter (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 5211-5219
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- Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes sst1 and sst2 in the Rat Retina.
- L. Helboe and M. Moller (1999)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
40, 2376-2382
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- Expression of Three Distinct Somatostatin Messenger Ribonucleic Acids (mRNAs) in Goldfish Brain: Characterization of the Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acids, Distribution and Seasonal Variation of the mRNAs, and Action of a Somatostatin-14 Variant.
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Endocrinology
140, 2089-2099
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- Neuroendocrine Control of Growth Hormone Secretion.
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Physiol Rev
79, 511-607
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Endocrinology
140, 765-777
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- Rapid Identification of Subtype-Selective Agonists of the Somatostatin Receptor Through Combinatorial Chemistry.
- S. P. Rohrer, E. T. Birzin, R. T. Mosley, S. C. Berk, S. M. Hutchins, D. Shen, Y. Xiong, E. C. Hayes, R. M. Parmar, F. Foor, et al. (1998)
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Physiol Rev
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- Immunohistochemical and Cytochemical Localization of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype sst1 in the Somatostatinergic Parvocellular Neuronal System of the Rat Hypothalamus.
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- Novel Somatostatin Analogs for the Treatment of Acromegaly and Cancer Exhibit Improved In Vivo Stability and Distribution.
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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
285, 95-104
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of cytotoxic analogs of somatostatin containing doxorubicin or its intensely potent derivative, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin.
- A. Nagy, A. V. Schally, G. Halmos, P. Armatis, R.-Z. Cai, V. Csernus, M. Kovacs, M. Koppan, K. Szepeshazi, and Z. Kahan (1998)
PNAS
95, 1794-1799
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- Interrelationships between Somatostatin sst2A Receptors and Somatostatin-Containing Axons in Rat Brain: Evidence for Regulation of Cell Surface Receptors by Endogenous Somatostatin.
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18, 1056-1071
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- The Localization of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids for Somatostatin Receptors 1, 2, and 3 in Rat Testis.
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Endocrinology
139, 350-357
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- Placenta-Specific Expression of the Rat Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Gene Promoter in Transgenic Mice.
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Endocrinology
138, 3222-3227
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- Both Overlapping and Distinct Signaling Pathways for Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes SSTR1 and SSTR2 in Pituitary Cells.
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- Somatostatin Receptors in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors.
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82, 15-17
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- Immunocytochemical Evidence for the Presence of Somatostatin-like Immunoreactive Nerves in Human Dental Pulp.
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Journal of Dental Research
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Clinical Pediatrics
28, 149-150
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- Somatostatin and Somatostatin Analogue (SMS 201-995) in Treatment of Hormone-Secreting Tumors of the Pituitary and Gastrointestinal Tract and Non-Neoplastic Diseases of the Gut.
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- A new prosomatostatin-derived peptide reveals a pattern for prohormone cleavage at monobasic sites.
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Science
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- Somatostatin (Somatostatinlike) Immunoreactive Cells in the Human Inner Ear.
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230, 461-463
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