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Science 28 May 1971:
Vol. 172. no. 3986, pp. 966 - 968
DOI: 10.1126/science.172.3986.966
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Articles

One-Trial Learning and Biphasic Time Course of Performance in the Goldfish

Walter H. Riege 1 and Arthur Cherkin 2

1 Psychobiology Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, California 91343
2 Psychobiology Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, California, and Division of Anesthesia, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024

Goldfish (N = 408) spontaneously swam against flowing water into a calm-water well. After a single trial punished by brief electric shock, the fish avoided the well, as indexed by increased latencies of reentry. Avoidance declined during the first minute after shock, then rose to a peak 1 hour later. The biphasic time course is compatible with the two-store theory of memory formation.


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