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Science 14 March 1969:
Vol. 163. no. 3872, pp. 1223 - 1225
DOI: 10.1126/science.163.3872.1223
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Articles

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Ventilation: How Does the Frog Breathe?

Carl Gans 1, H. J. de Jongh 2, and J. Farber 3

1 Department of Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo 14214
2 Department of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
3 Department of Physiology, State University of New York at Buffalo

Two short-term cyclic events, buccal oscillations and ventilatory cycles, occur in the bullfrog's respiration. Dutring ventilation the frog fills the buccal cavity with air, then blows the pulmonary contents through the buccal cavity, and finally closes the nostrils while pumnping the buccal contents into the lungs. The pulmonary efflux streams by the buccal contents with minimal mixing, and relatively pure air is pumped into the lungs. Buccal oscillations serve mainly to flush out the buccal cavity between ventilatory cycles.


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