Dissociation of Bradycardia and Arterial Constriction during Diving in the Seal Phoca vitulina
H. V. Murdaugh Jr. 1,
Carroll E. Cross 1,
J. Eugene Millen 1,
J. Bernard L. Gee 1, and
Eugene D. Robin 1
1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine
Bradycardia associated with diving in the harbor seal has been dissociated from the arterial constrictor response by intracardiac pacing. Development of arterial constriction does not depend upon the development of bradycardia. During pacing, arterial constriction continues in the absence of bradycardia. Increases in heart rate to values greater than 120 beats per minute during a dive produce a progressive decrease in mean aortic pressure, which suggests that one major function of bradycardia is to reduce cardiac output, thus matching left ventricular output to the restricted vascular bed and decreased venous return associated with diving.
