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Submitted on April 29, 2009
Accepted on June 24, 2009
Detection of 16 Gamma-Ray Pulsars Through Blind Frequency Searches Using the Fermi LAT
A. A. Abdo 1,M. Ackermann 2,M. Ajello 2,B. Anderson 3,W. B. Atwood 3,M. Axelsson 4,L. Baldini 5,J. Ballet 6,G. Barbiellini 7,M. G. Baring 8,D. Bastieri 9,B. M. Baughman 10,K. Bechtol 2,R. Bellazzini 5,B. Berenji 2,G. F. Bignami 11,R. D. Blandford 2,E. D. Bloom 2,E. Bonamente 12,A. W. Borgland 2,J. Bregeon 5,A. Brez 5,M. Brigida 13,P. Bruel 14,T. H. Burnett 15,G. A. Caliandro 13,R. A. Cameron 2,P. A. Caraveo 16,J. M. Casandjian 6,C. Cecchi 12,Ö. Çelik 17,A. Chekhtman 18,C. C. Cheung 17,J. Chiang 2,S. Ciprini 12,R. Claus 2,J. Cohen-Tanugi 19,J. Conrad 20,S. Cutini 21,C. D. Dermer 22,A. de Angelis 23,A. de Luca 11,F. de Palma 13,S. W. Digel 2,M. Dormody 3*,E. do Couto e Silva 2,P. S. Drell 2,R. Dubois 2,D. Dumora 24,C. Farnier 19,C. Favuzzi 13,S. J. Fegan 14,Y. Fukazawa 25,S. Funk 2,P. Fusco 13,F. Gargano 26,D. Gasparrini 21,N. Gehrels 27,S. Germani 12,B. Giebels 14,N. Giglietto 13,P. Giommi 21,F. Giordano 13,T. Glanzman 2,G. Godfrey 2,I. A. Grenier 6,M.-H. Grondin 24,J. E. Grove 22,L. Guillemot 24,S. Guiriec 28,C. Gwon 22,Y. Hanabata 25,A. K. Harding 17,M. Hayashida 2,E. Hays 17,R. E. Hughes 10,G. Jóhannesson 2,R. P. Johnson 3,T. J. Johnson 27,W. N. Johnson 22,T. Kamae 2,H. Katagiri 25,J. Kataoka 29,N. Kawai 30,M. Kerr 15,J. Knödlseder 31,M. L. Kocian 2,M. Kuss 5,J. Lande 2,L. Latronico 5,M. Lemoine-Goumard 24,F. Longo 7,F. Loparco 13,B. Lott 24,M. N. Lovellette 22,P. Lubrano 12,G. M. Madejski 2,A. Makeev 18,M. Marelli 16,M. N. Mazziotta 26,W. McConville 27,J. E. McEnery 17,C. Meurer 32,P. F. Michelson 2,W. Mitthumsiri 2,T. Mizuno 25,C. Monte 13,M. E. Monzani 2,A. Morselli 33,I. V. Moskalenko 2,S. Murgia 2,P. L. Nolan 2,J. P. Norris 34,E. Nuss 19,T. Ohsugi 25,N. Omodei 5,E. Orlando 35,J. F. Ormes 34,D. Paneque 2,D. Parent 24,V. Pelassa 19,M. Pepe 12,M. Pesce-Rollins 5,M. Pierbattista 6,F. Piron 19,T. A. Porter 3,J. R. Primack 3,S. Rainò 13,R. Rando 9,P. S. Ray 22*,M. Razzano 5,N. Rea 36,A. Reimer 2,O. Reimer 2,T. Reposeur 24,S. Ritz 17,L. S. Rochester 2,A. Y. Rodriguez 37,R. W. Romani 2,F. Ryde 38,H. F.-W. Sadrozinski 3,D. Sanchez 14,A. Sander 10,P. M. Saz Parkinson 3*,J. D. Scargle 39,C. Sgrò 5,E. J. Siskind 40,D. A. Smith 24,P. D. Smith 10,G. Spandre 5,P. Spinelli 13,J.-L. Starck 6,M. S. Strickman 22,D. J. Suson 41,H. Tajima 2,H. Takahashi 25,T. Takahashi 42,T. Tanaka 2,J. G. Thayer 2,D. J. Thompson 17,L. Tibaldo 9,O. Tibolla 43,D. F. Torres 44,G. Tosti 12,A. Tramacere 45,Y. Uchiyama 2,T. L. Usher 2,A. Van Etten 2,V. Vasileiou 46,N. Vilchez 31,V. Vitale 47,A. P. Waite 2,P. Wang 2,K. Watters 2,B. L. Winer 10,M. T. Wolff 22,K. S. Wood 22,T. Ylinen 48,M. Ziegler 3*
1 Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.; National Research Council Research Associate. 2 W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 3 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. 4 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. 5 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. 6 Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. 7 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. 8 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. 9 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy. 10 Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. 11 Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy. 12 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. 13 Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy. 14 Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. 15 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 16 INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy. 17 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. 18 Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. 19 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France. 20 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. 21 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy. 22 Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. 23 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. 24 CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France.; Université de Bordeaux, Centre d’Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France. 25 Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan. 26 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy. 27 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. 28 University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA. 29 Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. 30 Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.; Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. 31 Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, BP 44346, F-30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. 32 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. 33 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy. 34 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA. 35 Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany. 36 Sterrenkundig Institut "Anton Pannekoek," 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. 37 Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. 38 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. 39 Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. 40 NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560, USA. 41 Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323, USA. 42 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan. 43 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. 44 Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. 45 W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy. 46 Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. 47 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy. 48 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
M. Dormody , E-mail: dormody{at}scipp.ucsc.edu P. S. Ray , E-mail: paul.ray{at}nrl.navy.mil P. M. Saz Parkinson , E-mail: pablo{at}scipp.ucsc.edu M. Ziegler , E-mail: ziegler{at}scipp.ucsc.edu
Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron starsemitting radiation across the lectromagnetic spectrum. Althoughthere are more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently,only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays and these wereall discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescopemakes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their gamma-raypulsations. We report the detection of 16
gamma-ray pulsarsin blind frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsarsare coincident with previously
unidentified gamma-ray sources,and many are associated with supernova remnants. Direct detectionof gamma-ray
pulsars enables studies of emission mechanisms,population statistics, and the energetics of pulsar wind nebulaeand supernova remnants.
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In Science Magazine
REPORTS
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, G. F. Bignami, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, F. Camilo, P. A. Caraveo, P. Carlson, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, Ö. Çelik, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, I. Cognard, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Conrad, R. Corbet, S. Cutini, C. D. Dermer, G. Desvignes, A. de Angelis, A. de Luca, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, Y. Edmonds, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, M. Frailis, P. C. C. Freire, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, G. Hobbs, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, S. Johnston, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, M. Kramer, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, R. N. Manchester, M. Marelli, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, M. A. McLaughlin, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, S. M. Ransom, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano, N. Rea, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F. W. Sadrozinski, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, T. L. Schalk, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, B. W. Stappers, J. L. Starck, E. Striani, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, G. Theureau, D. J. Thompson, S. E. Thorsett, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, A. Van Etten, V. Vasileiou, C. Venter, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, E. Wallace, P. Wang, K. Watters, N. Webb, P. Weltevrede, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, and M. Ziegler (14 August 2009) Science325 (5942), 848.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1176113] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
PERSPECTIVES
Jules P. Halpern (14 August 2009) Science325 (5942), 821.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1178573] |Summary »|Full Text »|PDF »
REPORTS
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, Ö. Çelik, E. Charles, S. Chaty, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, S. Cutini, C. D. Dermer, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, M. Frailis, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, D. Horan, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, N. Rea, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, C. Sgrò, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J.-L. Starck, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, V. Vasileiou, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, P. Wang, N. Webb, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, and M. Ziegler (14 August 2009) Science325 (5942), 845.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1177023] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
