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Published Online May 29, 2008
Science
DOI: 10.1126/science.1156675
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Reports
Submitted on February 19, 2008
Accepted on May 5, 2008
Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
R. Subedi 1, R. Shneor 2, P. Monaghan 3, B. D. Anderson 1, K. Aniol 4, J. Annand 5, J. Arrington 6, H. Benaoum 7, F. Benmokhtar 8, W. Boeglin 9, J.-P. Chen 10, Seonho Choi 11, E. Cisbani 12, B. Craver 13, S. Frullani 12, F. Garibaldi 12, S. Gilad 3, R. Gilman 14, O. Glamazdin 15, J.-O. Hansen 10, D. W. Higinbotham 10*, T. Holmstrom 16, H. Ibrahim 17, R. Igarashi 18, C. W. de Jager 10, E. Jans 19, X. Jiang 20, L. J. Kaufman 21, A. Kelleher 16, A. Kolarkar 22, G. Kumbartzki 20, J. J. LeRose 10, R. Lindgren 13, N. Liyanage 13, D. J. Margaziotis 4, P. Markowitz 9, S. Marrone 23, M. Mazouz 24, D. Meekins 10, R. Michaels 10, B. Moffit 16, C. F. Perdrisat 16, E. Piasetzky 2, M. Potokar 25, V. Punjabi 26, Y. Qiang 3, J. Reinhold 9, G. Ron 2, G. Rosner 5, A. Saha 10, B. Sawatzky 27, A. Shahinyan 28, S. Sirca 29, K. Slifer 13, P. Solvignon 30, V. Sulkosky 16, G. M. Urciuoli 12, E. Voutier 24, J. W. Watson 1, L. B. Weinstein 17, B. Wojtsekhowski 10, S. Wood 10, X.-C. Zheng 31, L. Zhu 32
1 Kent State University, Kent State, OH 44242, USA.
2 Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
4 California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
5 University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
6 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
7 Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.; Prince MohammadUniversity, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia.
8 University of Maryland, College Park. MD 20742, USA.
9 Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
10 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
11 Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
12 INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
13 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
14 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
15 Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 310108, Ukraine.
16 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
17 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
18 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2 Canada.
19 Nationaal Instituut voor Subatomaire Fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
20 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
21 University of Maryland, College Park. MD 20742, USA.; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
22 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
23 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN sez. Bari, Bari, Italy.
24 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
25 Institute "Jozef Stefan," 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
26 Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA.
27 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
28 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
29 Institute "Jozef Stefan," 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Dept. of Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
30 Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
31 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
32 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
D. W. Higinbotham , E-mail: doug{at}jlab.org
The protons and neutrons in a nucleus can form strongly correlated nucleon pairs. Scattering experiments, where a proton is knocked-out of the nucleus with high momentum transfer and high missing momentum, show that in 12C the neutron-proton pairs are nearly twenty times as prevalent as proton-proton pairs and, by inference, neutron-neutron pairs. This difference between the types of pairs is due to the nature of the strong force and has implications for understanding cold dense nuclear systems such as neutron stars.
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