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Published Online February 28, 2008
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1152864

Reports

Submitted on November 12, 2007
Accepted on January 21, 2008

Protein Synthesis and Neurotrophin-Dependent Structural Plasticity of Single Dendritic Spines

Jun-ichi Tanaka 1{dagger}, Yoshihiro Horiike 2{dagger}, Masanori Matsuzaki 3, Takashi Miyazaki 1, Graham C.R. Ellis-Davies 4, Haruo Kasai 1*

1 Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Center for NanoBio Integration, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
2 Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Center for NanoBio Integration, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
3 Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Center for NanoBio Integration, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
4 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Haruo Kasai , E-mail: hkasai{at}m.u-tokyo.ac.jp

{dagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is considered to underlie learning and memory, and is associated with enlargement of dendritic spines. Because consolidation of memory and LTP requires protein synthesis, it is important to clarify how protein synthesis affects spine enlargement. Repetitive pairing of postsynaptic spikes and two-photon uncaging of glutamate at single spines (spike-timing protocol) displayed both immediate and gradual phases of spine enlargement in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The gradual enlargement was strongly dependent on protein-synthesis and BDNF action, often associated with spine twitching, and was induced specifically at the spines which were immediately enlarged by the synaptic stimulation. Thus, spike-timing protocol is an efficient trigger for BDNF secretion, and induces protein-synthesis dependent longterm enlargement at the level of single spines.


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