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Published Online October 25, 2007
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1146384

Reports

Submitted on June 12, 2007
Accepted on October 11, 2007

Mnemonic Function of Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Conflict-Induced Behavioral Adjustment

Farshad A. Mansouri 1*, Mark J. Buckley 2, Keiji Tanaka 3

1 Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
2 Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.
3 Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Farshad A. Mansouri , E-mail: farshad{at}postman.riken.jp

Our cognitive abilities in performing tasks are influenced by experienced competition/conflict between behavioral choices. To determine the role of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in conflict detection/resolution process, we conducted complementary lesion and single-cell recording studies in monkeys resolving a conflict between two rules. We observed conflict-induced behavioral adjustment that persisted after lesions within ACC, but disappeared following lesions within DLPFC. Activity in some cells within DLPFC was modulated by the current conflict level and in other cells by the conflict experienced in previous trial. These results show that DLPFC, but not ACC, is essential for the conflict-induced behavioral adjustment and suggest that encoding and maintenance of information about experienced conflict is mediated by DLPFC.


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)