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Submitted on October 25, 2006
Accepted on December 15, 2006
Imaging of Germinal Center Selection Events During Affinity Maturation
Christopher D. C. Allen 1, Takaharu Okada 1*, H. Lucy Tang 2, Jason G. Cyster 1*
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Present address: Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Takaharu Okada , E-mail: Takaharu.Okada{at}ucsf.edu Jason G. Cyster , E-mail: Jason.Cyster{at}ucsf.edu
Christopher D. C. Allen and Takaharu Okada contributed equally to this work.
The germinal center (GC) is an important site for the generationand selection of B cells bearing high-affinity antibodies, yetGC cell migration and interaction dynamics have not been directlyobserved. Using two-photon microscopy, we reveal that GC B cellsare highly motile and extend long cell processes. They transitedbetween GC dark and light zones and divided in both regions,although these B cells resided for only several hours in thelight zone where antigen is displayed. GC B cells formed fewstable contacts with GC T cells despite frequent encounters,and T cells were seen to carry dead B cell blebs. We use theseobservations to propose a model in which competition for T cellhelp plays a more dominant role in the selection of GC B cellsthan previously appreciated.
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