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Submitted on July 17, 2006
Accepted on October 6, 2006
Localization of Iron in Arabidopsis Seed Requires the Vacuolar Membrane Transporter VIT1
Sun A. Kim 1, Tracy Punshon 1, Antonio Lanzirotti 2, Liangtao Li 3, José M. Alonso 4, Joseph R. Ecker 5, Jerry Kaplan 3, Mary Lou Guerinot 1*
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. 2 Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. 3 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. 4 Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. 5 Plant Biology and Genomic Analysis Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mary Lou Guerinot , E-mail: guerinot{at}dartmouth.edu
Iron deficiency is a major human nutritional problem whereverplant-based diets are common. Using synchrotron x-ray fluorescencemicrotomography to directly visualize iron in Arabidopsis seeds,we show that the majority of iron is localized to the provascularstrands of the embryo. This localization is completely abolishedwhen the vacuolar iron uptake transporter VIT1 is disrupted.Vacuolar iron storage is also critical for seedling developmentas vit1-1 seedlings grow poorly when iron is limiting. We haveuncovered a fundamental aspect of seed biology that will ultimatelyaid the development of nutrient-rich seed, benefiting both humanhealth and agricultural productivity.
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