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Published Online May 4, 2006
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1126038

Reports

Submitted on February 9, 2006
Accepted on April 24, 2006

CO/FT Regulatory Module Controls Timing of Flowering and Seasonal Growth Cessation in Trees

Henrik Böhlenius 1, Tao Huang 1, Laurence Charbonnel-Campaa 1, Amy M. Brunner 2, Stefan Jansson 3, Steven H. Strauss 4, Ove Nilsson 1*

1 Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
2 Virginia Tech Department of Forestry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0324, USA; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA.
3 Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
4 Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ove Nilsson , E-mail: Ove.Nilsson{at}genfys.slu.se

Forest trees display a perennial growth behavior characterized by a multiple-year delay in flowering and, in temperate regions, an annual cycling between growth and dormancy. We show here that the CO/FT regulatory module, which controls flowering time in response to variations in daylength in annual plants, controls flowering in aspen trees. However, unexpectedly it also controls the short-day-induced growth cessation and bud set occurring in the fall. This regulatory mechanism can explain the ecogenetic variation in a highly adaptive trait: the critical day length for growth cessation displayed by aspen trees sampled across a latitudinal gradient spanning northern Europe.


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)