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Published Online April 6, 2006
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1123542

Reports

Submitted on December 7, 2005
Accepted on March 14, 2006

PIN Proteins Perform a Rate-Limiting Function in Cellular Auxin Efflux

Jan Petrásek 1, Jozef Mravec 2, Rodolphe Bouchard 3, Joshua J. Blakeslee 4, Melinda Abas 5, Daniela Seifertová 6, Justyna Wisniewska 7, Zerihun Tadele 8, Martin Kubes 1, Milada Covanová 1, Pankaj Dhonukshe 2, Petr Skupa 1, Eva Benková 2, Lucie Perry 9, Pavel Krecek 1, Ok Ran Lee 4, Gerald R. Fink 10, Markus Geisler 3, Angus S. Murphy 4, Christian Luschnig 5, Eva Zazímalová 9*, Jirí Friml 11

1 Institute of Experimental Botany, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
2 Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
3 Basel-Zurich Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH 8007 Zurich, Switzerland.
4 Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
5 Institute for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences-BOKU, A-1190 Wien, Austria.
6 Institute of Experimental Botany, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
7 Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
8 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
9 Institute of Experimental Botany, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
10 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
11 Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Masaryk University, Dept. of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Eva Zazímalová , E-mail: eva.zazim{at}ueb.cas.cz

Intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin underpins multiple developmental processes in plants. Plant-specific PIN proteins and several PGP transporters are crucial factors in auxin transport-related development, yet PINs' molecular function remains unknown. Here we show that PINs mediate auxin efflux from mammalian and yeast cells without needing additional plant-specific factors. Conditional gain-of-function alleles and quantitative measurements of auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis and tobacco cultured cells revealed that the action of PINs in auxin efflux is distinct from PGPs, rate-limiting, specific to auxins and sensitive to auxin transport inhibitors. This suggests a direct involvement of PINs in catalyzing cellular auxin efflux.


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