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Submitted on August 22, 2005
Accepted on January 3, 2006
New Neurons Follow the Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Adult Brain
Kazunobu Sawamoto 1*, Hynek Wichterle 2, Oscar Gonzalez-Perez 3, Jeremy A. Cholfin 4, Masayuki Yamada 5, Nathalie Spassky 3, Noel S. Murcia 6, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo 7, Oscar Marin 8, John L. R. Rubenstein 8, Marc Tessier-Lavigne 9, Hideyuki Okano 10, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla 3*
1 Department of Neurological Surgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program; Bridgestone Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. 2 Department of Neurological Surgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program; Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. 3 Department of Neurological Surgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program 4 Department of Neurological Surgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program; Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 5 Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan. 6 Rainbow Center for Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6003, USA. 7 University of Valencia, Burjassot-46100, Spain. 8 Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 9 Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA. 10 Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Kazunobu Sawamoto , E-mail: sawamoto{at}sc.itc.keio.ac.jp Arturo Alvarez-Buylla , E-mail: abuylla{at}stemcell.ucsf.edu
In the adult brain, neuroblasts born in the subventricular zonemigrate from the walls of the lateral ventricles to the olfactorybulb. How do these cells orient over such a long distance andthrough complex territories? Here we show that neuroblast migrationparallels cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Beating of ependymalcilia is required for normal CSF flow, concentration gradientformation of CSF guidance molecules, and directional migrationof neuroblasts. Results suggest that polarized epithelial cellscontribute important vectorial information for guidance of young,migrating neurons.
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