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Published Online September 26, 2005
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1117950

Reports

Submitted on July 26, 2005
Accepted on September 20, 2005

Transmission of Equine Influenza Virus to Dogs

P. C. Crawford 1, Edward J. Dubovi 2, William L. Castleman 1, Iain Stephenson 3, E. P. J. Gibbs 1, Limei Chen 3, Catherine Smith 3, Richard C. Hill 1, Pamela Ferro 4, Justine Pompey 3, Rick A. Bright 3, Marie-Jo Medina 3, Influenza Genomics Group{dagger} 3, Calvin M. Johnson 5, Christopher W. Olsen 6, Nancy J. Cox 3, Alexander I. Klimov 3, Jackie M. Katz 3, Ruben O. Donis 3*

1 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
3 Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
4 College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
6 School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ruben O. Donis , E-mail: rvd6{at}cdc.gov

{dagger}Influenza Genomics Group members are listed in the Supporting Online Material.

Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicates efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.


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