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Submitted on July 4, 2005
Accepted on July 27, 2005
Accurate Multiplex Polony Sequencing of an Evolved Bacterial Genome
Jay Shendure 1*, Gregory J. Porreca 1*, Nikos B. Reppas 1, Xiaoxia Lin 1, John P. McCutcheon 2, Abraham M. Rosenbaum 1, Michael D. Wang 1, Kun Zhang 1, Robi D. Mitra 3, George M. Church 1
1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 2 Department of Genetics; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 3 Department of Genetics
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jay Shendure , E-mail: shendure{at}alumni.princeton.edu Gregory J. Porreca , E-mail: gregory_porreca{at}student.hms.harvard.edu
We describe a new DNA sequencing technology. A commonly available,inexpensive epifluorescence microscope can be converted to rapidnonelectrophoretic DNA sequencing automation. We apply thisto resequence an evolved strain of Escherichia coli at lessthan 1 error per million consensus bases. A cell-free, mate-pairedlibrary provided single DNA molecules that are amplified inparallel to 1-micrometer beads by emulsion PCR. Millions wereimmobilized in a polyacrylamide gel and subjected to automatedcycles of sequencing by ligation and four-color imaging. Costper base was roughly one-ninth as much as that of conventionalsequencing. Our protocols were implemented with off-the-shelfinstrumentation and reagents.
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