Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Published Online June 9, 2005
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1114016

Reports

Submitted on April 25, 2005
Accepted on May 31, 2005

Complete Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture

Brett D. Lindenbach 1, Matthew J. Evans 1, Andrew J. Syder 1, Benno Wölk 1, Timothy L. Tellinghuisen 1, Christopher C. Liu 2, Toshiaki Maruyama 3, Richard O. Hynes 2, Dennis R. Burton 4, Jane A. McKeating 5, Charles M. Rice 1*

1 Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
3 Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Present address: Alexion Antibody Technologies, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
4 Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
5 Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA; Present address: Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Charles M. Rice , E-mail: ricec{at}rockefeller.edu

Many aspects of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle have not been reproduced in cell culture, which has slowed research progress on this important human pathogen. Here we describe a full-length HCV genome that replicates and produces virus particles that are infectious in cell culture (HCVcc). Replication of HCVcc was robust, producing nearly 105 infectious units/ml within 48 hours. Virus particles were filterable and neutralized with a monoclonal antibody against the viral glycoprotein E2. Viral entry was dependent on cellular expression of a putative HCV receptor, CD81. HCVcc replication was inhibited by interferon-{alpha} and by several HCV-specific antiviral compounds, suggesting that this in vitro system will aid in the search for improved antivirals.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Determinants of the Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Protease Domain Required for Production of Infectious Virus.
T. G. Dentzer, I. C. Lorenz, M. J. Evans, and C. M. Rice (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 12702-12713
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatoma Cell Density Promotes Claudin-1 and Scavenger Receptor BI Expression and Hepatitis C Virus Internalization.
A. K. Schwarz, J. Grove, K. Hu, C. J. Mee, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 12407-12414
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
New aspects of an anti-tumour drug: sorafenib efficiently inhibits HCV replication.
K Himmelsbach, D Sauter, T F Baumert, L Ludwig, H E Blum, and E Hildt (2009)
Gut 58, 1644-1653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Determinants Important for Hepatitis C Virus p7 Function in Morphogenesis by Using trans-Complementation.
C. Brohm, E. Steinmann, M. Friesland, I. C. Lorenz, A. Patel, F. Penin, R. Bartenschlager, and T. Pietschmann (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 11682-11693
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural and Functional Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Strain JFH1 Polymerase.
P. Simister, M. Schmitt, M. Geitmann, O. Wicht, U. H. Danielson, R. Klein, S. Bressanelli, and V. Lohmann (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 11926-11939
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of NS3/4A Protease-Based Reporter Assay Suitable for Efficiently Assessing Hepatitis C Virus Infection.
K.-L. Pan, J.-C. Lee, H.-W. Sung, T.-Y. Chang, and J. T.-A. Hsu (2009)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 4825-4834
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Blocking Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Recombinant Form of Envelope Protein 2 Ectodomain.
J. Whidby, G. Mateu, H. Scarborough, B. Demeler, A. Grakoui, and J. Marcotrigiano (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 11078-11089
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kinases required in hepatitis C virus entry and replication highlighted by small interference RNA screening.
M. Trotard, C. Lepere-Douard, M. Regeard, C. Piquet-Pellorce, D. Lavillette, F.-L. Cosset, P. Gripon, and J. Le Seyec (2009)
FASEB J 23, 3780-3789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Multimerization and Membrane Envelopment: Revelation of a Cascade of Core-Membrane Interactions.
L.-S. Ai, Y.-W. Lee, and S. S.-L. Chen (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 9923-9939
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Contains a BH3 Domain That Regulates Apoptosis through Specific Interaction with Human Mcl-1.
N. K. Mohd-Ismail, L. Deng, S. K. Sukumaran, V. C. Yu, H. Hotta, and Y.-J. Tan (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 9993-10006
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of a Cell-Based Hepatitis C Virus Infection Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer Assay for High-Throughput Antiviral Compound Screening.
X. Yu, B. Sainz Jr., and S. L. Uprichard (2009)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 4311-4319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Establishment of an Antiviral State against Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatoma Cells.
N. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Devaraj, J. Wang, S. M. Lemon, and K. Li (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 9824-9834
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Class III Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Alpha and Beta Are Novel Host Factor Regulators of Hepatitis C Virus Replication.
J. Borawski, P. Troke, X. Puyang, V. Gibaja, S. Zhao, C. Mickanin, J. Leighton-Davies, C. J. Wilson, V. Myer, I. CornellaTaracido, et al. (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 10058-10074
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A genome-wide genetic screen for host factors required for hepatitis C virus propagation.
Q. Li, A. L. Brass, A. Ng, Z. Hu, R. J. Xavier, T. J. Liang, and S. J. Elledge (2009)
PNAS 106, 16410-16415
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Naturally Occurring Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Deletion Mutants Replicate Efficiently in Huh-7 Cells and Are trans-Packaged In Vitro To Generate Infectious Defective Particles.
L. Pacini, R. Graziani, L. Bartholomew, R. De Francesco, and G. Paonessa (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 9079-9093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus NS2 Protein Contributes to Virus Particle Assembly via Opposing Epistatic Interactions with the E1-E2 Glycoprotein and NS3-NS4A Enzyme Complexes.
T. Phan, R. K. F. Beran, C. Peters, I. C. Lorenz, and B. D. Lindenbach (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 8379-8395
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lack of Adaptation of Chimeric GB Virus B/Hepatitis C Virus in the Marmoset Model: Possible Effects of Bottleneck.
T. Weatherford, D. Chavez, K. M. Brasky, S. M. Lemon, A. Martin, and R. E. Lanford (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 8062-8075
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus p7 Ion Channel Function and Drug Sensitivity Identified In Vitro.
C. StGelais, T. L. Foster, M. Verow, E. Atkins, C. W. G. Fishwick, D. Rowlands, M. Harris, and S. Griffin (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 7970-7981
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Translation and replication of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA depends on ancient cellular proteins that control mRNA fates.
N. Scheller, L. B. Mina, R. P. Galao, A. Chari, M. Gimenez-Barcons, A. Noueiry, U. Fischer, A. Meyerhans, and J. Diez (2009)
PNAS 106, 13517-13522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficient production of infectious hepatitis C virus with adaptive mutations in cultured hepatoma cells.
Y. Bungyoku, I. Shoji, T. Makine, T. Adachi, K. Hayashida, M. Nagano-Fujii, Y.-H. Ide, L. Deng, and H. Hotta (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 1681-1691
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Role of Cyclophilin A and Its Prolyl-Peptidyl Isomerase Activity in the Structure and Function of the Hepatitis C Virus Replication Complex.
Z. Liu, F. Yang, J. M. Robotham, and H. Tang (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 6554-6565
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low pH-dependent Hepatitis C Virus Membrane Fusion Depends on E2 Integrity, Target Lipid Composition, and Density of Virus Particles.
S. Haid, T. Pietschmann, and E.-I. Pecheur (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 17657-17667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutations in Hepatitis C Virus E2 Located outside the CD81 Binding Sites Lead to Escape from Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies but Compromise Virus Infectivity.
Z.-y. Keck, S. H. Li, J. Xia, T. von Hahn, P. Balfe, J. A. McKeating, J. Witteveldt, A. H. Patel, H. Alter, C. M. Rice, et al. (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 6149-6160
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polarization Restricts Hepatitis C Virus Entry into HepG2 Hepatoma Cells.
C. J. Mee, H. J. Harris, M. J. Farquhar, G. Wilson, G. Reynolds, C. Davis, S. C. D. van IJzendoorn, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 6211-6221
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Peptide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus core oligomerization and virus production.
S. Kota, C. Coito, G. Mousseau, J.-P. Lavergne, and A. D. Strosberg (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 1319-1328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Effects of Hepatitis C Virus JFH1 on Human Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.
H. Liang, R. S. Russell, N. L. Yonkers, D. McDonald, B. Rodriguez, C. V. Harding, and D. D. Anthony (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 5693-5707
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Residues in a Highly Conserved Claudin-1 Motif Are Required for Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Mediate the Formation of Cell-Cell Contacts.
L. Cukierman, L. Meertens, C. Bertaux, F. Kajumo, and T. Dragic (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 5477-5484
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of Creatine Kinase B in Hepatitis C Virus Genome Replication through Interaction with the Viral NS4A Protein.
H. Hara, H. Aizaki, M. Matsuda, F. Shinkai-Ouchi, Y. Inoue, K. Murakami, I. Shoji, H. Kawakami, Y. Matsuura, M. M. C. Lai, et al. (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 5137-5147
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depletion of interfering antibodies in chronic hepatitis C patients and vaccinated chimpanzees reveals broad cross-genotype neutralizing activity.
P. Zhang, L. Zhong, E. B. Struble, H. Watanabe, A. Kachko, K. Mihalik, M. L. Virata-Theimer, H. J. Alter, S. Feinstone, and M. Major (2009)
PNAS 106, 7537-7541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nucleotide Sequences and Modifications That Determine RIG-I/RNA Binding and Signaling Activities.
D. Uzri and L. Gehrke (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 4174-4184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C virus cell entry: role of lipoproteins and cellular receptors.
M. E. Burlone and A. Budkowska (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 1055-1070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins in trans facilitates encapsidation and transmission of HCV subgenomic RNA.
R. Adair, A. H. Patel, L. Corless, S. Griffin, D. J. Rowlands, and C. J. McCormick (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 833-842
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Internal Initiation Stimulates Production of p8 Minicore, a Member of a Newly Discovered Family of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Isoforms.
F. J. Eng, J. L. Walewski, A. L. Klepper, S. L. Fishman, S. M. Desai, L. K. McMullan, M. J. Evans, C. M. Rice, and A. D. Branch (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 3104-3114
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vitro Activity and Preclinical Profile of TMC435350, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor.
T.-I Lin, O. Lenz, G. Fanning, T. Verbinnen, F. Delouvroy, A. Scholliers, K. Vermeiren, A. Rosenquist, M. Edlund, B. Samuelsson, et al. (2009)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 1377-1385
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein Can trans-Complement Viral RNA Replication and Modulates Production of Infectious Virus.
D. M. Jones, A. H. Patel, P. Targett-Adams, and J. McLauchlan (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 2163-2177
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C virus: the growing challenge.
B. J. Thomson (2009)
Br. Med. Bull. 89, 153-167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assay for Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus NS3-4A Protease Activity in Live Cells.
R. Sabariegos, F. Picazo, B. Domingo, S. Franco, M.-A. Martinez, and J. Llopis (2009)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 728-734
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C virus association with peripheral blood B lymphocytes potentiates viral infection of liver-derived hepatoma cells.
Z. Stamataki, C. Shannon-Lowe, J. Shaw, D. Mutimer, A. B. Rickinson, J. Gordon, D. H. Adams, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2009)
Blood 113, 585-593
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD81 is dispensable for hepatitis C virus cell-to-cell transmission in hepatoma cells.
J. Witteveldt, M. J. Evans, J. Bitzegeio, G. Koutsoudakis, A. M. Owsianka, A. G. N. Angus, Z.-Y. Keck, S. K. H. Foung, T. Pietschmann, C. M. Rice, et al. (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 48-58
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a Residue in Hepatitis C Virus E2 Glycoprotein That Determines Scavenger Receptor BI and CD81 Receptor Dependency and Sensitivity to Neutralizing Antibodies.
J. Grove, S. Nielsen, J. Zhong, M. F. Bassendine, H. E. Drummer, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 12020-12029
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Exhibits Distinct Nucleotide Requirements for Initiation and Elongation.
E. Ferrari, Z. He, R. E. Palermo, and H.-C. Huang (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 33893-33901
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brett Lindenbach: Deconstructing and reconstructing hepatitis C.
R. Williams (2008)
J. Cell Biol. 183, 754-755
   Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C virus entry: possible targets for therapy.
J M Timpe and J A McKeating (2008)
Gut 57, 1728-1737
   Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the Hepatitis C Virus Core+1 Open Reading Frame and Core cis-Acting RNA Elements in Viral RNA Translation and Replication.
N. Vassilaki, P. Friebe, P. Meuleman, S. Kallis, A. Kaul, G. Paranhos-Baccala, G. Leroux-Roels, P. Mavromara, and R. Bartenschlager (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 11503-11515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Dynamic View of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Complexes.
B. Wolk, B. Buchele, D. Moradpour, and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 10519-10531
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Apoptosis through a Bax-Triggered, Mitochondrion-Mediated, Caspase 3-Dependent Pathway.
L. Deng, T. Adachi, K. Kitayama, Y. Bungyoku, S. Kitazawa, S. Ishido, I. Shoji, and H. Hotta (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 10375-10385
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural and Functional Characterization of Nonstructural Protein 2 for Its Role in Hepatitis C Virus Assembly.
V. Jirasko, R. Montserret, N. Appel, A. Janvier, L. Eustachi, C. Brohm, E. Steinmann, T. Pietschmann, F. Penin, and R. Bartenschlager (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 28546-28562
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of hepatitis C RNA-containing particles from human liver by density and size.
S. U. Nielsen, M. F. Bassendine, C. Martin, D. Lowther, P. J. Purcell, B. J. King, D. Neely, and G. L. Toms (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 2507-2517
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apolipoprotein C1 Association with Hepatitis C Virus.
J.-C. Meunier, R. S. Russell, R. E. Engle, K. N. Faulk, R. H. Purcell, and S. U. Emerson (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 9647-9656
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in a Caspase 9-Dependent Manner.
L. Lan, S. Gorke, S. J. Rau, M. B. Zeisel, E. Hildt, K. Himmelsbach, M. Carvajal-Yepes, R. Huber, T. Wakita, A. Schmitt-Graeff, et al. (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 4926-4935
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Hepatitis C Virus cis-Acting Replication Element Forms a Long-Range RNA-RNA Interaction with Upstream RNA Sequences in NS5B.
S. Diviney, A. Tuplin, M. Struthers, V. Armstrong, R. M. Elliott, P. Simmonds, and D. J. Evans (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 9008-9022
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Mechanism of Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Variants with Reduced Susceptibility to a Benzofuran Inhibitor, HCV-796.
A. Y. M. Howe, H. Cheng, S. Johann, S. Mullen, S. K. Chunduru, D. C. Young, J. Bard, R. Chopra, G. Krishnamurthy, T. Mansour, et al. (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 3327-3338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intramembrane Processing by Signal Peptide Peptidase Regulates the Membrane Localization of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein and Viral Propagation.
K. Okamoto, Y. Mori, Y. Komoda, T. Okamoto, M. Okochi, M. Takeda, T. Suzuki, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 8349-8361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD81 Is a Central Regulator of Cellular Events Required for Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Human Hepatocytes.
M. Brazzoli, A. Bianchi, S. Filippini, A. Weiner, Q. Zhu, M. Pizza, and S. Crotta (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 8316-8329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Kinase A-Dependent Step(s) in Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Infectivity.
M. J. Farquhar, H. J. Harris, M. Diskar, S. Jones, C. J. Mee, S. U. Nielsen, C. L. Brimacombe, S. Molina, G. L. Toms, P. Maurel, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 8797-8811
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A with Core Protein Is Critical for the Production of Infectious Virus Particles.
T. Masaki, R. Suzuki, K. Murakami, H. Aizaki, K. Ishii, A. Murayama, T. Date, Y. Matsuura, T. Miyamura, T. Wakita, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 7964-7976
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NS3 Helicase Domains Involved in Infectious Intracellular Hepatitis C Virus Particle Assembly.
Y. Ma, J. Yates, Y. Liang, S. M. Lemon, and M. Yi (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 7624-7639
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficient trans-Encapsidation of Hepatitis C Virus RNAs into Infectious Virus-Like Particles.
E. Steinmann, C. Brohm, S. Kallis, R. Bartenschlager, and T. Pietschmann (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 7034-7046
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional slippage prompts recoding in alternate reading frames in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core sequence from strain HCV-1.
M. Ratinier, S. Boulant, C. Combet, P. Targett-Adams, J. McLauchlan, and J.-P. Lavergne (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1569-1578
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Virological characterization of the hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain in lymphocytic cell lines.
K. Murakami, T. Kimura, M. Osaki, K. Ishii, T. Miyamura, T. Suzuki, T. Wakita, and I. Shoji (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1587-1592
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maturation of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein by Signal Peptide Peptidase Is Required for Virus Production.
P. Targett-Adams, G. Hope, S. Boulant, and J. McLauchlan (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 16850-16859
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of Mutagenic and Chain-Terminating Nucleotide Analogs on Enzymes Isolated from Hepatitis C Virus Strains of Various Genotypes.
J. A. Heck, A. M. I. Lam, N. Narayanan, and D. N. Frick (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1901-1911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cyclophilin A Is an Essential Cofactor for Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Principal Mediator of Cyclosporine Resistance In Vitro.
F. Yang, J. M. Robotham, H. B. Nelson, A. Irsigler, R. Kenworthy, and H. Tang (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 5269-5278
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The role of hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
G. Tran (2008)
Bioscience Horizons 1, 167-175
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD81 and Claudin 1 Coreceptor Association: Role in Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
H. J. Harris, M. J. Farquhar, C. J. Mee, C. Davis, G. M. Reynolds, A. Jennings, K. Hu, F. Yuan, H. Deng, S. G. Hubscher, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 5007-5020
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein interacts with and negatively regulates the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Syk.
S. Inubushi, M. Nagano-Fujii, K. Kitayama, M. Tanaka, C. An, H. Yokozaki, H. Yamamura, H. Nuriya, M. Kohara, K. Sada, et al. (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1231-1242
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
How does interferon inhibit HCV cell entry?.
M. Jones and J. S Owen (2008)
Gut 57, 573-574
   Full Text »    PDF »
Iminosugars in Combination with Interferon and Ribavirin Permanently Eradicate Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Persistently Infected Cells.
S. D. Woodhouse, C. Smith, M. Michelet, N. Branza-Nichita, M. Hussey, R. A. Dwek, and N. Zitzmann (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1820-1828
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Scavenger Receptor Class B Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Human Dendritic Cells.
H. Barth, E. K. Schnober, C. Neumann-Haefelin, C. Thumann, M. B. Zeisel, H. M. Diepolder, Z. Hu, T. J. Liang, H. E. Blum, R. Thimme, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 3466-3479
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Single-Amino-Acid Mutation in Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Disrupting FKBP8 Interaction Impairs Viral Replication.
T. Okamoto, H. Omori, Y. Kaname, T. Abe, Y. Nishimura, T. Suzuki, T. Miyamura, T. Yoshimori, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 3480-3489
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of the Evolutionary Forces in an Immunodominant CD8 Epitope in Hepatitis C Virus at a Population Level.
C. Neumann-Haefelin, D. N. Frick, J. J. Wang, O. G. Pybus, S. Salloum, G. S. Narula, A. Eckart, A. Biezynski, T. Eiermann, P. Klenerman, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 3438-3451
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Tight Junction Proteins Claudin-1, -6, and -9 Are Entry Cofactors for Hepatitis C Virus.
L. Meertens, C. Bertaux, L. Cukierman, E. Cormier, D. Lavillette, F.-L. Cosset, and T. Dragic (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 3555-3560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovery and Characterization of Substituted Diphenyl Heterocyclic Compounds as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication.
P. Huang, D. A. Goff, Q. Huang, A. Martinez, X. Xu, S. Crowder, S. D. Issakani, E. Anderson, N. Sheng, P. Achacoso, et al. (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1419-1429
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation of the Tight Junction-like Distribution of Claudin-1 to the Cellular Tropism of Hepatitis C Virus.
W. Yang, C. Qiu, N. Biswas, J. Jin, S. C. Watkins, R. C. Montelaro, C. B. Coyne, and T. Wang (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 8643-8653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Advantages of a single-cycle production assay to study cell culture-adaptive mutations of hepatitis C virus.
R. S. Russell, J.-C. Meunier, S. Takikawa, K. Faulk, R. E. Engle, J. Bukh, R. H. Purcell, and S. U. Emerson (2008)
PNAS 105, 4370-4375
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Butyrate-Induced Transcript 1 Interacts with Hepatitis C Virus NS5A and Regulates Viral Replication.
S. Taguwa, T. Okamoto, T. Abe, Y. Mori, T. Suzuki, K. Moriishi, and Y. Matsuura (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 2631-2641
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein.
A. M. Owsianka, A. W. Tarr, Z.-Y. Keck, T.-K. Li, J. Witteveldt, R. Adair, S. K. H. Foung, J. K. Ball, and A. H. Patel (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 653-659
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Growth and Induction of Autophagy.
M. Ait-Goughoulte, T. Kanda, K. Meyer, J. S. Ryerse, R. B. Ray, and R. Ray (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 2241-2249
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visualization of Double-Stranded RNA in Cells Supporting Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication.
P. Targett-Adams, S. Boulant, and J. McLauchlan (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 2182-2195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A virocidal amphipathic {alpha}-helical peptide that inhibits hepatitis C virus infection in vitro.
G. Cheng, A. Montero, P. Gastaminza, C. Whitten-Bauer, S. F. Wieland, M. Isogawa, B. Fredericksen, S. Selvarajah, P. A. Gallay, M. R. Ghadiri, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 3088-3093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
T. von Hahn and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 3689-3693
   Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Chimeric Genotype 1b/2a Hepatitis C Virus Suitable for High-Throughput Screening.
Y. Zhang, P. Weady, R. Duggal, and W. Hao (2008)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 666-674
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Residues Required for RNA Replication in Domains II and III of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein.
T. L. Tellinghuisen, K. L. Foss, J. C. Treadaway, and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 1073-1083
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of JFH1-based cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus genotype 4a and evidence for cross-genotype neutralization.
T. K. H. Scheel, J. M. Gottwein, T. B. Jensen, J. C. Prentoe, A. M. Hoegh, H. J. Alter, J. Eugen-Olsen, and J. Bukh (2008)
PNAS 105, 997-1002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isolation and Characterization of Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies to the E1 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus.
J.-C. Meunier, R. S. Russell, V. Goossens, S. Priem, H. Walter, E. Depla, A. Union, K. N. Faulk, J. Bukh, S. U. Emerson, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 966-973
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a Broadly Cross-Reacting and Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Directed against the Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein.
M. Perotti, N. Mancini, R. A. Diotti, A. W. Tarr, J. K. Ball, A. Owsianka, R. Adair, A. H. Patel, M. Clementi, and R. Burioni (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 1047-1052
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serum-Derived Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Primary Human Hepatocytes Is Tetraspanin CD81 Dependent.
S. Molina, V. Castet, L. Pichard-Garcia, C. Wychowski, E. Meurs, J.-M. Pascussi, C. Sureau, J.-M. Fabre, A. SaCunha, D. Larrey, et al. (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 569-574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
3' RNA Elements in Hepatitis C Virus Replication: Kissing Partners and Long Poly(U).
S. You and C. M. Rice (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 184-195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Cell Polarization on Hepatitis C Virus Entry.
C. J. Mee, J. Grove, H. J. Harris, K. Hu, P. Balfe, and J. A. McKeating (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 461-470
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Lipid Droplet Binding Domain of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Is a Major Determinant for Efficient Virus Assembly.
A. Shavinskaya, S. Boulant, F. Penin, J. McLauchlan, and R. Bartenschlager (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 37158-37169
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Apolipoprotein E Is Required for Infectivity and Production of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture.
K.-S. Chang, J. Jiang, Z. Cai, and G. Luo (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 13783-13793
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TBC1D20 Is a Rab1 GTPase-activating Protein That Mediates Hepatitis C Virus Replication.
E. H. Sklan, R. L. Serrano, S. Einav, S. R. Pfeffer, D. G. Lambright, and J. S. Glenn (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 36354-36361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell Culture Adaptation of Hepatitis C Virus and In Vivo Viability of an Adapted Variant.
A. Kaul, I. Woerz, P. Meuleman, G. Leroux-Roels, and R. Bartenschlager (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 13168-13179
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Responses of Nontransformed Human Hepatocytes to Conditional Expression of Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus Open Reading Frame.
W. Tang, C. A. Lazaro, J. S. Campbell, W. T. Parks, M. G. Katze, and N. Fausto (2007)
Am. J. Pathol. 171, 1831-1846
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Claudin-6 and Claudin-9 Function as Additional Coreceptors for Hepatitis C Virus.
A. Zheng, F. Yuan, Y. Li, F. Zhu, P. Hou, J. Li, X. Song, M. Ding, and H. Deng (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 12465-12471
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Norwalk Virus RNA Is Infectious in Mammalian Cells.
S. Guix, M. Asanaka, K. Katayama, S. E. Crawford, F. H. Neill, R. L. Atmar, and M. K. Estes (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 12238-12248
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An influenza virus replicon system in yeast identified Tat-SF1 as a stimulatory host factor for viral RNA synthesis.
T. Naito, Y. Kiyasu, K. Sugiyama, A. Kimura, R. Nakano, A. Matsukage, and K. Nagata (2007)
PNAS 104, 18235-18240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anti-hepatitis C Virus Activity of Tamoxifen Reveals the Functional Association of Estrogen Receptor with Viral RNA Polymerase NS5B.
K. Watashi, D. Inoue, M. Hijikata, K. Goto, H. H. Aly, and K. Shimotohno (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 32765-32772
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)