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Published Online May 12, 2005
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1110324

Reports

Submitted on January 27, 2005
Accepted on April 12, 2005

Early Asymmetry of Gene Transcription Between Embryonic Human Left and Right Cerebral Cortex

Tao Sun 1, Christina Patoine 1, Amir Abu-Khalil 2, Jane Visvader 3, Eleanor Sum 3, Timothy J. Cherry 1, Stuart H. Orkin 4, Daniel H. Geschwind 2, Christopher A. Walsh 1*

1 Department of Neurology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, NRB Room 0266, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
2 Department of Neurology, Program in Neurogenetics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
3 VBCRC Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
4 Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Christopher A. Walsh , E-mail: walsh{at}bidmc.harvard.edu

The human left and right cerebral hemispheres are anatomically and functionally asymmetric. To test whether human cortical asymmetry has a molecular basis, we studied gene expression levels between the left and right embryonic hemispheres using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), and identified and verified 27 differentially expressed genes, suggesting that human cortical asymmetry is accompanied by early, striking transcriptional asymmetries. LMO4 is consistently more highly expressed in the right perisylvian human cerebral cortex than in the left, and is essential for cortical development in mice, suggesting that human left-right specialization reflects asymmetric cortical development at early stages.


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