Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Published Online August 22, 2002
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1075703

Research Articles

Submitted on July 2, 2002
Accepted on August 5, 2002

Specification of Jaw Subdivisions by Dlx Genes

Michael J. Depew 1, Thomas Lufkin 2, John L. R. Rubenstein 1*

1 Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Departments of Oral Biology and Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
2 Brookdale Center for Developmental and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1020, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jlrr{at}cgl.ucsf.edu.

The success of vertebrates was due in part to the acquisition and modification of jaws. Jaws are principally derived from the branchial arches, embryonic structures that exhibit proximodistal polarity. To investigate the mechanisms that specify the identity of skeletal elements within the arches, we examined mice lacking expression of Dlx5&6, linked homeobox genes expressed distally but not proximally within the arches. Dlx5/6-/- mutants exhibit a homeotic transformation of lower jaws to upper jaws. We suggest that nested Dlx expression in the arches patterns their proximodistal axes. Evolutionary acquisition and subsequent refinement of jaws may have been dependent on modification of Dlx expression.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Indirect modulation of Shh signaling by Dlx5 affects the oral-nasal patterning of palate and rescues cleft palate in Msx1-null mice.
J. Han, J. Mayo, X. Xu, J. Li, P. Bringas Jr, R. L. Maas, J. L. R. Rubenstein, and Y. Chai (2009)
Development 136, 4225-4233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DLX5 (Distal-less Homeobox 5) Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation by Transcriptionally Regulating MYC.
J. Xu and J. R. Testa (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 20593-20601
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A SHH-responsive signaling center in the forebrain regulates craniofacial morphogenesis via the facial ectoderm.
D. Hu and R. S. Marcucio (2009)
Development 136, 107-116
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An endothelin-1 switch specifies maxillomandibular identity.
T. Sato, Y. Kurihara, R. Asai, Y. Kawamura, K. Tonami, Y. Uchijima, E. Heude, M. Ekker, G. Levi, and H. Kurihara (2008)
PNAS 105, 18806-18811
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The genesis of cartilage size and shape during development and evolution.
B. F. Eames and R. A. Schneider (2008)
Development 135, 3947-3958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The midline, oral ectoderm, and the arch-0 problem.
C. B. Kimmel and J. K. Eberhart (2008)
Integr. Comp. Biol. 48, 668-680
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
On the trail of the `new head' in Les Treilles.
M. Bronner-Fraser (2008)
Development 135, 2995-2999
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dlx genes pattern mammalian jaw primordium by regulating both lower jaw-specific and upper jaw-specific genetic programs.
J. Jeong, X. Li, R. J. McEvilly, M. G. Rosenfeld, T. Lufkin, and J. L. R. Rubenstein (2008)
Development 135, 2905-2916
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange reveals the selective use of Gq/G11-dependent and -independent endothelin 1/endothelin type A receptor signaling in pharyngeal arch development.
T. Sato, Y. Kawamura, R. Asai, T. Amano, Y. Uchijima, D. A. Dettlaff-Swiercz, S. Offermanns, Y. Kurihara, and H. Kurihara (2008)
Development 135, 755-765
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phenotypic Analysis of Dlx5 Overexpression in Post-natal Bone.
J. Zhang, J. Zhu, P. Valverde, L. Li, S. Pageau, Q. Tu, R. Nishimura, T. Yoneda, P. Yang, W. Zheng, et al. (2008)
Journal of Dental Research 87, 45-50
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirements for Endothelin type-A receptors and Endothelin-1 signaling in the facial ectoderm for the patterning of skeletogenic neural crest cells in zebrafish.
S. Nair, W. Li, R. Cornell, and T. F. Schilling (2007)
Development 134, 335-345
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP2 Commitment to the Osteogenic Lineage Involves Activation of Runx2 by DLX3 and a Homeodomain Transcriptional Network.
M. Q. Hassan, R. S. Tare, S. H. Lee, M. Mandeville, M. I. Morasso, A. Javed, A. J. van Wijnen, J. L. Stein, G. S. Stein, and J. B. Lian (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 40515-40526
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dose-dependent functions of Fgf8 in regulating telencephalic patterning centers.
E. E. Storm, S. Garel, U. Borello, J. M. Hebert, S. Martinez, S. K. McConnell, G. R. Martin, and J. L. R. Rubenstein (2006)
Development 133, 1831-1844
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TGF{beta}-mediated FGF signaling is crucial for regulating cranial neural crest cell proliferation during frontal bone development.
T. Sasaki, Y. Ito, P. Bringas Jr, S. Chou, M. M. Urata, H. Slavkin, and Y. Chai (2006)
Development 133, 371-381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Combined deficiencies of Msx1 and Msx2 cause impaired patterning and survival of the cranial neural crest.
M. Ishii, J. Han, H.-Y. Yen, H. M. Sucov, Y. Chai, and R. E. Maxson Jr (2005)
Development 132, 4937-4950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chondrogenic Potential of Mouse Calvarial Mesenchyme.
T. Aberg, R. Rice, D. Rice, I. Thesleff, and J. Waltimo-Siren (2005)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 53, 653-663
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Dlx Gene Complement of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata, Resembles That of Mammals: Implications for Genomic and Morphological Evolution of Jawed Vertebrates.
D. W. Stock (2005)
Genetics 169, 807-817
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dlx3 Transcriptional Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation: Temporal Recruitment of Msx2, Dlx3, and Dlx5 Homeodomain Proteins to Chromatin of the Osteocalcin Gene.
M. Q. Hassan, A. Javed, M. I. Morasso, J. Karlin, M. Montecino, A. J. van Wijnen, G. S. Stein, J. L. Stein, and J. B. Lian (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 9248-9261
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endothelin-A receptor-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in establishing mandibular identity.
L.-B. Ruest, X. Xiang, K.-C. Lim, G. Levi, and D. E. Clouthier (2004)
Development 131, 4413-4423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic basis for the evolution of vertebrate mineralized tissue.
K. Kawasaki, T. Suzuki, and K. M. Weiss (2004)
PNAS 101, 11356-11361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog signaling in the neural crest cells regulates the patterning and growth of facial primordia.
J. Jeong, J. Mao, T. Tenzen, A. H. Kottmann, and A. P. McMahon (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 937-951
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integration and Modularity of Quantitative Trait Locus Effects on Geometric Shape in the Mouse Mandible.
C. P. Klingenberg, L. J. Leamy, and J. M. Cheverud (2004)
Genetics 166, 1909-1921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization and Prevalence of PITX2 Microdeletions and Mutations in Axenfeld-Rieger Malformations.
M. A. Lines, K. Kozlowski, S. C. Kulak, R. R. Allingham, E. Heon, R. Ritch, A. V. Levin, M. B. Shields, K. F. Damji, A. Newlin, et al. (2004)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 828-833
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Opg, Rank, and Rankl in Tooth Development: Co-ordination of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis.
A. Ohazama, J.-M. Courtney, and P.T. Sharpe (2004)
Journal of Dental Research 83, 241-244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulatory Roles of Conserved Intergenic Domains in Vertebrate Dlx Bigene Clusters.
N. Ghanem, O. Jarinova, A. Amores, Q. Long, G. Hatch, B. K. Park, J. L.R. Rubenstein, and M. Ekker (2003)
Genome Res. 13, 533-543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endothelin 1-mediated regulation of pharyngeal bone development in zebrafish.
C. B. Kimmel, B. Ullmann, M. Walker, C. T. Miller, and J. G. Crump (2003)
Development 130, 1339-1351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Dlx3 gene expression in visceral arches by evolutionarily conserved enhancer elements.
K. Sumiyama and F. H. Ruddle (2003)
PNAS 100, 4030-4034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Targeted deletion of a branchial arch-specific enhancer reveals a role of dHAND in craniofacial development.
H. Yanagisawa, D. E. Clouthier, J. A. Richardson, J. Charite, and E. N. Olson (2003)
Development 130, 1069-1078
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)