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Published Online June 20, 2002
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1074950

Reports

Submitted on June 11, 2002
Accepted on June 12, 2002

Dependence of Heterochromatic Histone H3 Methylation Patterns on the Arabidopsis gene DDM1

Anne-Valerié Gendrel 1, Zachary Lippman 2, Cristy Yordan 3, Vincent Colot 1*, Rob Martienssen 2*

1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (INRA-CNRS), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France.
2 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
3 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: martiens{at}cshl.org.

The Arabidopsis gene DDM1 is required to maintain DNA methylation levels, and is responsible for transposon and transgene silencing. However, rather than encoding a DNA methyltransferase, DDM1 has similarity to the SWI/SNF family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling genes, suggesting it affects DNA methylation indirectly. Here we show that DDM1 is also required to maintain histone H3 methylation patterns. In wild-type heterochromatin, transposons and silent genes are associated with histone H3 methylated at lysine 9, while known genes are preferentially associated with methylated lysine 4. In ddm1 heterochromatin, DNA methylation is lost and methylation of lysine 9 is largely replaced by methylation of lysine 4. As DNA methylation has recently been shown to depend on histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, our results suggest that transposon methylation may be guided by histone H3 methylation in plant genomes. This would account for the epigenetic inheritance of hypomethylated DNA once histone H3 methylation patterns are lost.


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)