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Published Online May 10, 2001
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1059745

Reports

Submitted on February 9, 2001
Accepted on April 23, 2001

Requirement of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 for Maintenance of CpXpG Methylation

Anders M. Lindroth 1, Xiaofeng Cao 1, James P. Jackson 1, Daniel Zilberman 1, Claire M. McCallum 2, Steven Henikoff 3, Steven E. Jacobsen 1*

1 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Epigenetic silenced alleles of the Arabidopsis SUPERMAN locus (the clark kent alleles) are associated with dense hypermethylation at noncanonical cytosines (CpXpG and asymmetric sites). A genetic screen for suppressors of a hypermethylated clark kent mutant identified nine loss-of-function alleles of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3), a novel cytosine methyltransferase homolog. These cmt3 mutants display a wild-type morphology, but exhibit decreased CpXpG methylation of the SUP gene and of other sequences throughout the genome. They also show reactivated expression of endogenous retrotransposon sequences. These results show that a non-CpG DNA methyltransferase is responsible for maintaining epigenetic gene silencing.


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