Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 8 November 1996:
Vol. 274. no. 5289, pp. 1008 - 1011
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5289.1008

Technical Comments

HIV-1 Evolution and Disease Progression

M. A. Nowak, R. M. Anderson, M. C. Boerlijst, S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. May, A. J. McMichael;, S. M. Wolinsky, K. J. Kunstman, J. T. Safrit, R. A. Koup, A. U. Neumann, and B. T. M. Korber


References

  • ASJO, B, REPLICATIVE CAPACITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS FROM PATIENTS WITH VARYING SEVERITY OF HIV-INFECTION, LANCET 2: 660 (1986).
  • BONHOEFFER, S, CAUSES OF HIV DIVERSITY, NATURE 376: 125 (1995).
  • CONNOR, R.I., INCREASED VIRAL BURDEN AND CYTOPATHICITY CORRELATE TEMPORALLY WITH CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTE DECLINE AND CLINICAL PROGRESSION IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE 1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 67: 1772 (1993).
  • DEBOER, R.J., DIVERSITY AND VIRULENCE THRESHOLDS IN AIDS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 91: 544 (1994).
  • DELWART, E.L., HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 EVOLUTION IN-VIVO TRACKED BY DNA HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAYS, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 68: 6672 (1994).
  • HAYNES, B.F., Toward an understanding of the correlates of protective immunity to HIV infection, SCIENCE 271: 324 (1996).
  • HOLMES, E.C., CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT SEQUENCE EVOLUTION IN THE SURFACE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 WITHIN A SINGLE INFECTED PATIENT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89: 4835 (1992).
  • KOOT, M, PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HIV-1 SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE FOR RATE OF CD4+ CELL DEPLETION AND PROGRESSION TO AIDS, ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 118: 681 (1993).
  • LUKASHOV, V.V., INTRAHOST HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 EVOLUTION IS RELATED TO LENGTH OF THE IMMUNOCOMPETENT PERIOD, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 69: 6911 (1995).
  • MCKNIGHT, A, CHANGE IN TROPISM UPON IMMUNE ESCAPE BY HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 69: 3167 (1995).
  • MIEDEMA, F, AIDS pathogenesis: A finite immune response to blame?, SCIENCE 272: 505 (1996).
  • NOWAK, M.A., THE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF HIV-1 QUASISPECIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE, AIDS 4: 1095 (1990).
  • NOWAK, M, AIDS PATHOGENESIS - MATHEMATICAL-MODELS OF HIV AND SIV INFECTIONS, AIDS 7: S3 (1993).
  • NOWAK, M.A., COEXISTENCE AND COMPETITION IN HIV INFECTIONS, JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY 159: 329 (1992).
  • NOWAK, M.A., ANTIGENIC OSCILLATIONS AND SHIFTING IMMUNODOMINANCE IN HIV-1 INFECTIONS, NATURE 375: 606 (1995).
  • NOWAK, M.A., HOW HIV DEFEATS THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 273: 58 (1995).
  • NOWAK, M.A., ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY THRESHOLDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIDS, SCIENCE 254: 963 (1991).
  • NOWAK, M.A., Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses, SCIENCE 272: 74 (1996).
  • PHILLIPS, R.E., HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS GENETIC-VARIATION THAT CAN ESCAPE CYTOTOXIC T-CELL RECOGNITION, NATURE 354: 453 (1991).
  • TERSMETTE, M, DIFFERENTIAL SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING CAPACITY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ISOLATES - FREQUENT DETECTION OF SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING ISOLATES IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) AND AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 62: 2026 (1988).
  • WOLINSKY, S.M., Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection, SCIENCE 272: 537 (1996).


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Influence of Random Genetic Drift on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env Evolution During Chronic Infection.
D. Shriner, R. Shankarappa, M. A. Jensen, D. C. Nickle, J. E. Mittler, J. B. Margolick, and J. I. Mullins (2004)
Genetics 166, 1155-1164
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immune-Mediated Positive Selection Drives Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular Variation and Predicts Disease Duration.
H. A. Ross and A. G. Rodrigo (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 11715-11720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cellular Immune Responses and Viral Diversity in Individuals Treated during Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection.
M. Altfeld, E. S. Rosenberg, R. Shankarappa, J. S. Mukherjee, F. M. Hecht, R. L. Eldridge, M. M. Addo, S. H. Poon, M. N. Phillips, G. K. Robbins, et al. (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 193, 169-180
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Can Regulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Long Terminal Repeat-Directed Gene Expression and Can Substitute for HIV Tat in Viral Replication.
H. Chen, J. He, S. Fong, G. Wilcox, and C. Wood (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 2703-2713
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genealogical Evidence for Positive Selection in the nef Gene of HIV-1.
P. M. d. A. Zanotto, E. G. Kallas, R. F. de Souza, and E. C. Holmes (1999)
Genetics 153, 1077-1089
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline.
R. B. Markham, W.-C. Wang, A. E. Weisstein, Z. Wang, A. Munoz, A. Templeton, J. Margolick, D. Vlahov, T. Quinn, H. Farzadegan, et al. (1998)
PNAS 95, 12568-12573
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Virus dynamics and drug therapy.
S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. May, G. M. Shaw, and M. A. Nowak (1997)
PNAS 94, 6971-6976
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)