Tuned Responses of Astrocytes and Their Influence on Hemodynamic Signals in the Visual Cortex
James Schummers, Hongbo Yu, Mriganka Sur

Supporting Online Material

This supplement contains:
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S7
References

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Other Supporting Online Material for this manuscript includes the following: (available at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5883/1638/DC1)
Movies S1 to S3

Movie s1
Labeling of neurons and astrocytes. The movie shows a z-stack (250 μm square) taken from the pial surface to a depth of 350 μm, every 2 μm. The depth is indicated every 10 μm in the bottom left corner. The left panel shows labeling with SR101, which selectively labels astrocytes only. The center panel shows the labeling with OGB1, which labels both neurons and astrocytes. The right panel shows merged images of the two channels, color-coded such that neurons appear yellow-green and astrocytes appear purple-white.

Movie s2
Astrocyte visual responses are delayed relative to neurons. Movie showing the visual responses of the two cells plotted in text Fig. 1A-B. The movie shows the response to three repetitions of grating presentation, indicated in the bottom left corner. The two cells analyzed in text Fig 1B are circled for reference. Note the delayed response of the astrocyte. The movie plays at 10X real time.

Movie s3
Visually evoked responses of neurons and astrocytes at a pinwheel center. Time series of $Delta;F/F images during presentation of drifting gratings changing in orientation from 0 to 150 degrees at 30 degree intervals. Schematic of the visual stimulus is shown in the bottom right corner. Neurons appear green, and astrocytes appear purple-white. Note that the activated cells rotate around the pinwheel center as the orientation of the stimulus rotates. The delay of the astrocyte response is also apparent.

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