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Swimming Against the Flow: A Mechanism of Zooplankton Aggregation
Amatzia Genin, Jules S. Jaffe, Ruth Reef, Claudio Richter, Peter J. S. Franks
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Supporting Online Material
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This supplement contains:
Materials and Methods
Table S1
References
Movie S1
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- Movie 1
Animation of the depth retention–accumulation mechanism. The bottom slope (black area) is similar to that at our study site in Ras Burkha (Fig. 3C and table S1). The simulated zooplankton (red open circles) drift passively with the horizontal currents but retain their depth by swimming against the downwelling currents. The paths of passive particles (blue dots) indicate the simulated streamlines, generated by equations 2-3 in ref. 7 (given by Ψ = Ψo z tanh(x/r+ z/ho) with r = 1100 m and ho = 76 m to match the nearly linear bottom profile with Ψ = 0). Note that the layer of downwelling (and ensuing zooplankton accumulation) gradually deepens with distance from shore. At the start of the simulation, the zooplankton are found outside the plotted area, 1200 to 7000 m offshore, arranged along vertical lines, 250 m apart, each line consisting of 10 individuals evenly distributed between 11 and 20 m depth. Note the unequal scales of the horizontal and vertical axes.
