Glacial-to-Holocene Redistribution of Carbonate Ion in the Deep Sea W. S. Broecker and E. Clark

Supplemental Table 1. Summary of mean weights for whole foraminifera shells from the core top mixed layer and from the glacial sections from sediment cores from various water depths in the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific. Those for the Ceara Rise and Ontong Java Plateau are based on the results summarized in Fig. 1. Those for the central Pacific have been published separately (1). The core type designations are as follows: GGC (giant gravity core), BC (box core), PC (piston core) and MC (multicore). The 18O record for V23-238 has been published (2). The differences in carbonate ion concentration between the glacial and the Holocene are calculated from the average weight change of G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei.
Ceara Rise Western Equatorial Atlantic
Core No.	Core Types	Water Depth km	Wt. G. sac. Core Top	Wt. G. sac. Glacial Micrograms/shell	Wt. G. sac. Wt.	N. dut. Core top	N. dut. Glacial Micrograms/shell	N. dut. Wt.	CO3= G. -H. mol/kg
KNR110-82	GGC	2.82	34	42	+8	40	49	+9	+28
KNR110-66	GGC	3.55	32	36	+4	43	42	-1	+ 5
KNR110-50	GGC	4.00	32	<26	>-6	43	36	-7	-23
Ontong Java Plateau Western Equatorial Pacific
Core No.	Core Types	Water Depth km	Wt. G. sac. Core Top	Wt. G. sac. Glacial Micrograms/shell	Wt. G. sac. Wt.	N. dut. Core top	N. dut. Glacial Micrograms/shell	N. dut. Wt.	CO3= G. -H. mol/kg
MW91-9-36	BC	2.31	29	-	-	43	-	-	-
MW91-9-15	GGC	2.31	-	32	+3	-	40	-3	0
MW91-9-51	BC	3.43	23	-	-	37	-	-	-
V28-238	PC	3.12	-	27	+4	-	40	+3	+12
MW91-9-56	BC	4.04	<20	-	-	29	-	-	-
MW91-9-55	GGC	4.04	-	<20	-	-	34	+5	+17
Central Equatorial Pacific
Core No.	Core Types	Water Depth km	Wt. G. sac. Core Top	Wt. G. sac. Glacial Micrograms/shell	Wt. G. sac. Wt.	N. dut. Core top	N. dut. Glacial Micrograms/shell	N. dut. Wt.	CO3= G. -H. mol/kg
TT13-19	MC	4.37	26	-	-	21	-	-	-
TT13-18	PC	4.35	-	32	6	-	28	7	+22

Supplemental Table 2. Summary of glacial to Holocene differences in 13C to 12C for benthic foraminifera (3) benthic-planktonic radiocarbon age differences (4, 5) and carbonate ion concentrations for three water depths on the Ceara Rise. The 14C age differences for today's ocean are calculated measurements on deep water total dissolved inorganic carbon at GEOSECS Station 40 (3-5) and a 14C value for pre-industrial surface water at this site of -55‰.
Water Depth km	Benthic foram 13C			Bent.-Plank. 14C Age Dif.		Carbonate Ion Conc.
	Holo. %	Glac. %	%	Today* yrs.	Glac. yrs.	Today mol/kg	mol/kg	Glac. mol/kg
2.8	1.1±0.2	0.3±0.2	-0.8±0.3	290±80	780±220	112±2	28±10	140±10
3.5	0.9±0.1	0.3±0.2	-0.6±0.2	400±80	600±105	112±2	5±10	117±10
4.0	0.9±02	0.2±0.1	-0.7±0.2	360±80	705±150	106±2	-23±10	83±10
Mean	1.0±0.1	0.3±0.1	-0.7±0.1	350±50	690±100	-	-	-
*Based on measurements on ocean water CO2.

References

1. W. S. Broecker, R. F. Anderson, E. Clark, M. Fleisher, G³ 2 (28 June 2001).
2. N. J. Shackleton, N. D. Opdyke, J. Quat. Res. 3, 39 (1973).
3. W. S. Broecker, T.-H. Peng, S. Trumbore, G. Bonani, W. Wolfli, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 4, 103 (1990).
4. M. Stuiver, H. G. Ostlund, Radoicarbon 22, 1 (1980).
5. W. S. Broecker, S. Blanton, W. M. Smethie Jr., G. Ostlund, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 5, 87 (1991).