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Science 7 December 2001:
Vol. 294. no. 5549, pp. 2149 - 2152
DOI: 10.1126/science.1064363


Abstract
Full Text
Solar Forcing of Regional Climate Change During the Maunder Minimum
D. T. Shindell, G. A. Schmidt, M. E. Mann, D. Rind, A. Waple

Supplementary Material

The supplemental data are in six parts, each consisting of a one-line title followed by a latitude by longitude array containing the data shown in the figures (three figures, two parts each). The first four arrays contain GCM output, which is arranged in 12 columns of latitude (7.8 degree spacing starting at 3.9°N and moving northward, with the last box having only 4 degree width) and 36 rows of longitude (10 degree spacing starting at 180°W and moving eastward). The last two arrays contain historical data, which is arranged differently. It is a 19 column by 72 row array, where the first row gives longitudes and the first column gives latitudes.

Specifically, the data are as follows:

1) Fig. 1 (top), Northern Hemisphere annual average surface temperature change (°C) from 1780 to 1680 in the GCM.

2) Fig. 1 (bottom), November-April average Northern Hemisphere surface temperature change (°C) from 1780 to 1680 in the GCM. No data are included for 0-16°N (shown as -9999.000).

3) Fig. 2 (left), the leading EOF of Northern Hemisphere extratropical November-April sea level pressure (mb) over the last 40 years of the 1680 and 1780 simulations. No data are included for 0-16°N (shown as -9999.000).

4) Fig. 2 (right), the November-April sea level pressure change (mb) from 1780 to 1680. No data are included for 0-16°N (shown as 0.000).

5) Fig. 3 (top), regression (°C per -0.32 W/m2) during the period 1650-1850 between reconstructed solar irradiance and annual average surface temperatures over all time scales. Missing data are indicated by -999.

6) Fig. 3 (bottom), regression (°C per -0.32 W/m2) during the period 1650-1850 between reconstructed solar irradiance and annual average surface temperatures, filtered to time scales longer than 40 years, with a 20-year lag. Missing data are indicated by -999.


View the supplemental table


Fig. 3 (top). Temperature change (°C).

lat/lon -177.5 -172.5 -167.5 -162.5 -157.5 -152.5 -147.5 -142.5 -137.5 -132.5 -127.5 -122.5 -117.5 -112.5 -107.5 -102.5 -97.5 -92.5 -87.5 -82.5 -77.5 -72.5 -67.5 -62.5 -57.5 -52.5 -47.5 -42.5 -37.5 -32.5 -27.5 -22.5 -17.5 -12.5 -7.5 -2.5 2.5 7.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 97.5 102.5 107.5 112.5 117.5 122.5 127.5 132.5 137.5 142.5 147.5 152.5 157.5 162.5 167.5 172.5 177.5

87.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

82.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

77.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.3 -0.27 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.21 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

72.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.36 -0.31 -0.3 -0.31 -999. -999. -999. -0.31 -0.18 -0.02 -0.16 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.03 -0.05 -999. -999. -0.03 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

67.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.19 0.24 0.26 0.25 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.31 -0.31 -0.22 -0.18 -999. -0.23 -0.13 -0.1 -0.09 -0.04 -999. -0.19 -0.16 -0.13 -0.06 0.01 -0.03 -0.1 -0.11 -0.06 -0.08 -999. -999. -999. -0.02 -0.02 -999. -999. 0.14 0.11 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

62.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.22 0.18 0.25 0.25 -999. -999. 0.24 0.24 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.21 -0.2 -0.21 -0.17 -999. -0.06 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -0.02 0.04 -0.01 -0.03 0 0 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.05 0.06 0.08 -999. -999. 0.08 0.09 -999. -999. 0.16 0.13 -999. -999. 0.15 0.15 -999. -999. 0.04 -0.01 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

57.5 -999. 0.09 0.13 0.2 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 -999. 0.2 0.24 0.26 0.25 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.24 -0.1 -0.09 -0.13 -0.12 -0.12 -0.14 -0.13 -0.07 0.05 0.1 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 0 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.22 -999. -999. 0.22 0.2 -999. -999. -0.01 -0.05 -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.26 -0.28 -999. -999. -999

52.5 -0.08 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.14 0.12 -999. 0 -0.12 -0.14 -0.16 -0.1 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 0.05 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.27 -999. -999. 0.2 0.14 -0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.05 -999. -999. -0.26 -0.21 -0.07 -0.02 -0.02

47.5 -0.19 -0.18 -0.12 -0.11 -0.1 -0.06 -0.01 0.02 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.05 -0.03 -0.17 -0.14 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.07 0.1 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.07 -0.01 -0.05 -0.08 -0.08 0 0.06 0.14 0.2 0.35 0.37 -999. -999. 0.42 0.43 -999. -999. 0.28 0.27 -999. -999. 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.05 -999. -0.1 -0.13 -0.06 -0.1

42.5 -0.14 -0.14 -0.14 -0.16 -999. -999. -0.15 -0.09 -0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.02 -0.06 -0.03 -0.11 -0.08 -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.12 0.06 0.02 -0.11 -0.17 -0.2 -0.17 -0.15 -0.07 0.12 0.23 0.4 0.47 0.37 0.4 0.42 0.42 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.3 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.16 0.17 0.12 0.04 -0.05 -0.15 -0.17 -0.09 -0.07

37.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.11 -0.14 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.02 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.02 -0.02 0 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.11 -0.13 -0.11 -0.11 -0.13 -0.09 -0.06 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.08 0.02 -0.2 -0.27 -0.29 -0.27 -0.23 -0.18 0.1 0.19 -999. -999. 0.37 0.4 0.37 0.37 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.4 0.4 0.39 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.17 0.09 0 -999. -999. -999. -999

32.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.09 -0.08 -0.16 -0.06 0.09 0.1 0.15 -0.32 -0.39 -0.21 -0.15 -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.09 -0.22 -0.21 -0.19 -0.18 -0.16 -0.08 -0.08 -0.13 -0.08 -0.06 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.12 0 -0.19 -0.27 -0.3 -0.3 -0.27 -0.25 -0.15 -0.08 -999. -999. 0.19 0.15 0.11 0.04 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.25 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

27.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.13 -0.1 -0.18 -0.05 0.08 0.1 0.19 0.16 -0.23 -0.24 -0.21 -0.15 -0.15 -0.1 -0.08 -0.2 -0.24 -0.19 -0.16 -0.17 -0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.09 0.11 0.07 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.21 -0.27 -0.27 -0.25 -0.26 -0.18 -0.1 0.06 0.25 0.2 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.13 0.12 -999. -999. -999. 0.28 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.34 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

22.5 -999. -999. -999. -0.03 -0.07 -0.08 -999. -999. 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.19 0.11 -0.07 -0.1 -0.1 -0.12 -0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.1 0.11 0.25 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.28 -0.17 -0.01 -0.12 0 0.16 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.23 0.21 -999. -999. 0.42 0.31 0.32 0.36 0.4 0.42 0.37 0.33 0.3 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

17.5 -999. -999. -999. -0.01 -0.02 0 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.17 0.16 0.1 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.19 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.06 -0.05 -0.15 -0.01 0.15 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.34 0.35 0.42 0.4 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.31 0.05 0.04 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

12.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.27 0.3 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.03 0.03 -999. 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.4 0.41 0.38 0.34 0.29 0.16 -0.05 -0.03 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

7.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.2 0.25 0.04 0.09 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.37 0.34 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.4 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.32 0.26 0.12 0.02 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -99

2.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.2 0.2 0.22 0.23 0.2 0.22 0.22 -999. -999. 0.23 0.21 0.12 0 -0.06 0 0.11 0.07 0 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.2 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.35 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.26 0.3 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.4 0.4 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.4 0.46 0.47 0.34 0.31 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999


Fig. 3 (bottom). Temperature change (°C).

lat/lon -177.5 -172.5 -167.5 -162.5 -157.5 -152.5 -147.5 -142.5 -137.5 -132.5 -127.5 -122.5 -117.5 -112.5 -107.5 -102.5 -97.5 -92.5 -87.5 -82.5 -77.5 -72.5 -67.5 -62.5 -57.5 -52.5 -47.5 -42.5 -37.5 -32.5 -27.5 -22.5 -17.5 -12.5 -7.5 -2.5 2.5 7.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 97.5 102.5 107.5 112.5 117.5 122.5 127.5 132.5 137.5 142.5 147.5 152.5 157.5 162.5 167.5 172.5 177.5

87.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

82.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

77.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.82 -0.82 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.76 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

72.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.85 -0.84 -0.89 -0.89 -999. -999. -999. -0.75 -0.41 0.18 -0.17 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.48 0.41 -999. -999. -0.05 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

67.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.32 -0.18 -0.06 -0.07 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.87 -0.87 -0.61 -0.49 -999. -0.43 -0.16 -0.15 -0.12 -0.03 -999. 0.1 0.04 0.16 0.4 0.58 0.52 0.33 0.34 0.45 -0.12 -999. -999. -999. -0.12 -0.1 -999. -999. -0.13 -0.2 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

62.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.17 -0.32 -0.03 0 -999. -999. 0.41 0.46 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.85 -0.84 -0.59 -0.46 -999. -0.21 -0.18 -0.17 -0.13 -0.02 0.19 0.22 0.31 0.47 0.53 0.55 0.65 0.63 0.52 0.53 0.82 0.81 -999. -999. 0.12 0.01 -999. -999. -0.01 -0.09 -999. -999. 0.12 0.12 -999. -999. -0.17 -0.26 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

57.5 -999. 0 0.03 -0.09 -0.26 -0.26 -0.25 -0.39 -0.41 -0.16 -999. 0.26 0.41 0.53 0.57 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.59 -0.71 -0.65 -0.38 -0.42 -0.41 -0.38 -0.35 -0.19 0.05 0.21 0.32 0.38 0.52 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.77 0.67 0.51 0.33 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.21 -999. -999. 0.24 0.22 -999. -999. -0.27 -0.34 -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.77 -0.78 -999. -999. -999

52.5 0.1 0.04 0.09 0 -0.18 -0.22 -0.09 0.18 -0.13 -0.05 0.08 0.32 0.32 0.48 0.56 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.7 0.69 0.59 0.58 -999. 0.24 0.04 -0.11 -0.32 -0.28 -0.22 -0.21 -0.18 0.01 0.19 0.31 0.43 0.52 0.6 0.63 0.65 0.7 0.79 0.8 0.86 0.88 0.83 0.76 0.61 0.51 0.38 0.33 0.22 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.44 0.4 -999. -999. 0.35 0.29 -0.13 -0.16 -0.1 0.01 -999. -999. -0.74 -0.56 0.28 0.39 0.3

47.5 -0.03 -0.05 -0.08 -0.14 -0.25 -0.29 -0.2 -0.2 -0.12 -0.22 -0.1 -0.19 0.23 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.61 0.56 0.56 0.47 0.47 0.31 -0.04 -0.04 0.02 0.01 0 0.08 0.14 0.26 0.35 0.44 0.5 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.49 0.44 0.43 0.62 0.76 0.82 0.65 0.52 0.44 -999. -999. 0.33 0.32 -999. -999. 0.42 0.41 -999. -999. 0.34 0.35 0.41 0.51 0.58 0.72 0.81 0.77 -999. 0.43 0.28 0.41 0.28

42.5 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.07 -999. -999. -0.33 -0.31 -0.38 -0.32 -0.2 -0.36 0 0.42 0.41 0.37 0.39 0.42 0.43 0.46 0.49 0.43 0.39 0.31 0.41 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.29 0.38 0.46 0.37 0.27 0.3 0.07 -0.02 -0.08 -0.08 -0.12 0 0.51 0.52 0.44 0.47 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.68 0.72 0.84 0.86 0.83 0.85 0.8 0.72 0.58 0.28 0.19 0.34 0.33

37.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.08 -0.05 -0.17 -0.26 -0.4 -0.3 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.35 0.32 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.24 0.31 0.28 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.23 0.34 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.29 -0.38 -0.5 -0.49 -0.51 -0.53 -0.49 0.16 0.33 -999. -999. 0.2 0.23 0.12 0.12 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.73 0.85 0.91 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.8 0.77 0.68 -999. -999. -999. -999

32.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.11 -0.18 -0.55 -0.39 0.07 0.1 0.26 -0.39 -0.34 -0.06 0 0.05 0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.13 -0.13 -0.04 -0.04 -0.08 0.03 0.03 -0.04 0.01 -0.06 -0.06 -0.03 0.03 0.15 0.3 0.4 0.63 0.24 -0.47 -0.61 -0.65 -0.66 -0.62 -0.65 -0.68 -0.66 -999. -999. -0.21 -0.25 -0.36 -0.43 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.7 0.83 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.87 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

27.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.32 -0.31 -0.66 -0.46 0 0.07 0.37 0.4 -0.09 -0.13 -0.16 -0.12 -0.14 -0.1 -0.06 -0.24 -0.36 -0.19 -0.14 -0.28 -0.12 -0.03 -0.16 -0.08 -0.01 0.08 0.04 -0.08 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.68 -0.64 -0.66 -0.65 -0.65 -0.7 -0.68 -0.44 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.15 -0.05 0.29 0.28 -999. -999. -999. 0.48 0.74 0.81 0.89 0.9 0.84 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

22.5 -999. -999. -999. 0.06 -0.24 -0.52 -999. -999. -0.1 -0.2 -0.26 0 0.52 0.47 0.35 0.09 0.06 -0.03 -0.12 0 0.05 -0.01 -0.08 -0.03 0.06 0.05 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.19 0.54 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.69 -0.63 -0.41 -0.7 -0.42 -0.14 0.15 0.26 0.15 0.15 0.31 0.51 0.47 -999. -999. 0.74 0.67 0.75 0.81 0.88 0.91 0.84 0.8 0.75 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

17.5 -999. -999. -999. -0.08 -0.17 -0.44 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.63 0.56 0.28 0.12 0.1 0.15 0.03 0.15 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.37 0.38 0.31 0.36 0.36 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.13 0.38 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.51 -0.48 -0.66 -0.35 0.13 0.27 0.37 0.45 0.27 0.26 0.45 0.65 0.74 0.75 0.9 0.92 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.83 0.9 0.87 0.34 0.01 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

12.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.19 0.11 0.23 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.37 0.4 0.29 0.38 0.39 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.22 0.47 0.32 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -0.38 -0.36 -999. 0.54 0.47 0.47 0.51 0.5 0.31 0.25 0.57 0.73 0.69 0.73 0.9 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.86 0.83 0.82 0.66 0.14 0.09 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

7.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.46 0.51 0.58 0.41 0.56 0.36 0.3 0.25 0.3 0.22 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.25 0.47 0.38 0.07 0.18 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.67 0.58 0.5 0.56 0.58 0.43 0.49 0.7 0.77 0.68 0.71 0.9 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.92 0.88 0.75 0.6 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999

2.5 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.45 0.42 0.53 0.58 0.43 0.5 0.59 -999. -999. 0.51 0.52 0.38 0.1 0 0.13 0.52 0.36 0.12 0.08 0.03 -0.04 0.2 0.3 0.67 0.51 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. 0.56 0.32 0.25 0.43 0.54 0.63 0.67 0.74 0.77 0.76 0.82 0.81 0.91 0.91 0.86 0.89 0.81 0.88 0.9 -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999. -999.





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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)