β-Catenin Defines Head Versus Tail Identity During Planarian Regeneration and Homeostasis
Kyle A. Gurley, Jochen C. Rink, Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado

Supporting Online Material

This supplement contains:
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S8
Table S1
Movies S1 to S6

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Movie s1
Behavior of normal body fragments after 14 days of regeneration. Wild type animals were amputated pre- and post-pharyngeally and the resulting head, trunk and tail fragments were allowed to regenerate for two weeks. All fragments regenerated normally at the appropriate anterior and posterior amputation planes. When exposed to light, the animals respond by gliding away from the source using the cilia covering their ventral surface.

Movie S2
Smed- βcatenin-1(RNAi) trunk fragments regenerate heads at both anterior and posterior amputation planes. The Janus-head animals appear to respond to light by negative phototaxis. The two heads frequently move in opposite directions and stretch the intervening tissue.

Movie S3
Smed-APC-1(RNAi) trunk fragments regenerate tails at both anterior and posterior amputation planes. The worms are still motile, but their movement is unproductive as each end attempts to move toward the center of the animal.

Movie S4
Smed- βcatenin-1(RNAi) head fragments regenerate heads. The preexisting head is recognizable because of its normal brown pigmentation. The unpigmented head with noticeable photoreceptors is the newly regenerated tissue and arose where a tail would normally regenerate after amputation.

Movie S5
Smed- βcatenin-1(RNAi) tail fragments regenerate heads normally, but also transform their tails into heads. The polarity of the plane of amputation is maintained in these animals as a new head regenerates as expected. However, the tail fragments also develop a head at the tail tip and numerous, motile protrusions emerge from the edge of the animals. The appearance of these ectopic structures is consistent with the expression of the anterior marker (SmedsFRP- 1) in tail fragments at both 24 and 48 hours described in Figure 4 D,E.

Movie S6
Smed- βcatenin-1(RNAi) intact animals transform their tails into heads. Several, apparently autonomous protrusions resembling the cephalic margin of normal heads are observed along both the left and right edges of the animal body.

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