Biogeography and Ecological Setting of Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vents C. L. Van Dover, S. E. Humphris, D. Fornari, C. M. Cavanaugh, R. Collier, S. K. Goffredi, J. Hashimoto, M. Lilley, A. L. Reysenbach, T. M. Shank, K. L. Von Damm, A. Banta, R. M. Gallant, D. Götz, D. Green, J. Hall, T. L. Harmer, L. A. Hurtado, P. Johnson, Z. P. McKiness, C. Meredith, E. Olson, I. L. Pan, M. Turnipseed, Y. Won, C. R Young III, R. C. Vrijenhoek

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Figure 1. Digital photographs (frame-grabbed from video) acquired by ROV Jason at the Edmond vent field. Numbers along the bottom of each photo refer to date (in April, 2001)/time (hh:mm:ss), heading (degrees), and vehicle elevation (meters). (A) Black-smoker vent, ~50 cm tall, vigorously discharging 382°C hydrothermal fluids. Note the white anemones peripheral to the orifice. (Water depth: 3280 m; horizontal field of view: 3 m). (B) Numerous shrimp-covered black smoker chimneys comprise the high-temperature portion of the Edmond Field. Individual chimneys have diameters between 0.2 m and 1 m, and heights from heights from ~1 m to 20 m. Note the altitude of ROV Jason is 11 m above the seafloor, and that the tops of some chimneys are above the level of the vehicle. (Water depth: 3272 m; horizontal field of view: 5 m). (C) Tall black-smoker chimneys with beehive structures capping some orifices. The chimney with the large beehive structure (foreground) is ~ 3 m tall. Note that shrimp cover chimney surfaces, but not the actively diffusing beehive. (Water depth: 3282 m; horizontal field of view: 1 m). (D) Seafloor in the southern portion of Edmond vent field showing slab-like, red-brown hydrothermal sediments, scattered blocks of anhydrite, and white mats. (Water depth: 3323 m; horizontal field of view: 1.5 m).

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