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Figure 7


Fig. 7. Gene families encoding important innate immune receptors and complement factors in animals with sequenced genomes. For some key receptor classes, gene numbers in the sea urchin exceeds other animals by more than an order of magnitude. Representative animals include H.s., Homo sapiens; C.i., Ciona intestinalis; S.p. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; D.m. Drosophila melanogaster; and C.e. Caenorhabditis elegans. Indicated gene families include TLR, toll-like receptors; NLR, NACHT and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain–containing proteins similar to the vertebrate Nod/NALP genes; SRCR, Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain genes; PGRP, peptidoglycan recognition protein domain genes; and GNBP, Gram-negative binding proteins. C3/4/5, thioester proteins homologous to vertebrate C3, C4, and C5; Bf/C2, complement factors homologous to vertebrate C2 and factor B; C1q/MBP, homologs of vertebrate lectin pathway receptors; and Terminal pathway, homologs of vertebrate C6, C7, C8, and C9. SRCR gene statistics are given as domain number/gene number for multiple SRCR-containing proteins (numbers for C. intestinalis includes all SRCR proteins). Asterisk in the D. melanogaster C3/4/5 column is meant to denote the presence of related thioester genes (TEPs) and a true C3/4/5 homolog from another arthropod. +/– for C. intestinalis Terminal pathway column indicates the presence of genes with similarity to C6 only (Nonaka and Yoshizaki 2004). Phylogenetic relations among species are indicated by a cladogram at the left. [View Larger Version of this Image (61K JPEG file)]

 


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)