Success and Virulence in Toxoplasma as the Result of Sexual Recombination Between Two Distinct Ancestries Michael E. Grigg, Serge Bonnefoy, Adrian B. Hehl, Yasuhiro Suzuki, and John C. Boothroyd

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Figure 1. Presence or absence of tachyzoites in the lungs of mice infected with the virulent (S23) or avirulent (S22) F₁ strains of T. gondii, respectively. CBA/CaJ mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10³ tachyzoites, and 9 days later, their peritoneal fluid and various organs were collected. (A): the lung of a mouse infected with the S22 strain, (B): the lung of a mouse infected with the S23 strain. (C): immunoperoxidase straining of a serial section of S23-infected lung with tachyzoite-specific rabbit anti-SAG2 IgG antibodies. Arrows indicate the presence of tachyzoites.

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Supplemental Table 1. Toxoplasma strains: 28 epidemiologically unrelated strains derived from seven host species distributed over considerable geographic distances (three continents) were isolated by passage through outbred adult mice and/or adapted for tissue culture as described previously (5, 6, 8). All strains were genotyped as type I, II, III, or New by multi-locus RFLP analysis (5) (this report). Virulence is based on parasites having an LD100 < 10 parasites when infected in outbred Swiss Webster mice. For the majority of strains, Toxoplasma DNA for PCR amplification was prepared as described previously (8). For strains RH, PDS, Prugniaud, and CEP, DNA extraction was performed as described in (7). All other type I, II and III strain lysates were generously provided by Drs. M.-L. Dardé, L. D. Sibley, and D. K. Howe.
Strain	Host	Location	Virulence	Type	Zymodeme	Clinical
RH	Human	USA	+	I	1	Encephalitis
GTI.1	Goat	USA	+	I	1	Chronic
JOSE	Human	USA	+	I	nd	Congenital
OH3-2	Human	Brazil	+	I	nd
S11	Pig	Brazil	+	I	nd	Chronic
VEL1	Human	USA	+	I	nd	AIDS
P (Me49)	Sheep	USA	-	II	2	Lethal CT
C24.III	Cat	USA	-	II	nd	Oocysts
DEG	Human	France	-	II	nd	Latent CT
PIH	Human	USA	-	II	nd	AIDS
Prugniaud	Human	France	-	II	2	Lethal CT
SSH	Human	USA	-	II	nd	AIDS
CEP	Cat	USA	-	III	3	Oocysts
B74	Bear	USA	-	III	nd	Chronic
C5-11	Chicken	USA	-	III	nd	Chronic
MOR	Human	USA	-	III	nd	Congenital
OPE	Human	USA	-	III	nd	AIDS
VEG	Human	USA	-	III	nd	AIDS
ELG	Human	France	-	II	4	AIDS
MAS	Human	France	+	new	5	Severe CT
RUB	Human	Fr. Guyana	+	new	6	Pneumonitis
CASTELLS	Sheep	Uruguay	+	new	7	Lethal CT
TONT	Human	France	+	new	8	Severe CT
SSI 119	Pig	Denmark	-	new	9	Chronic
P89	Pig	USA	+	new	10	Chronic
P80	Pig	USA	-	new	11	Chronic
VAND	Human	Fr. Guyana	+	new	12	Neuritis
COUGAR1	Cougar	Canada	nd	new	nd	Oocysts
CT = congenital toxoplasmosis
nd = not determined