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Science 22 December 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5500, pp. 2291 - 2294
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2291
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Millennial-Scale Dynamics of Southern Amazonian Rain Forests
Francis E. Mayle, Rachel Burbridge, and Timothy J. Killeen
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Supplementary Material
| Supplemental Table 1. AMS radiocarbon dates for Laguna Bella Vista. Laboratory code numbers prefixed with "AA" refer to samples that were prepared to graphite in the NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory, East Kilbride, UK, and dated at the University of Arizona NSF-AMS facility. Laboratory code numbers prefixed with "Beta" refer to samples prepared and dated by Beta Analytic, Miami, Florida. All samples are bulk sediment, except for sample Beta-100828, which consists of unidentified twig fragments. Because the sediments are carbonate-free, the "hard water effect" is likely to have been negligible. Radiocarbon ages < 21,000 14C yr B.P. have been calibrated into calendar years before present (cal yr B.P.) [M. Stuiver et al., Radiocarbon 40, 1041 (1998)]. The radiocarbon dates have been calibrated by a simple intercept with a linear interpolation of the calibration data points. The 1s cal age ranges are shown, with the cal age intercepts in parentheses. All ages have been rounded to the nearest 10 years.
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| Laboratory code | Sample depth (cm) | AMS 14C age (yr B.P. ± 1s) | Calibrated cal yr B.P. (1s) |
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| AA39713 | 28-32 | 1,650 ± 40 | 1550 (1530) 1510 |
| AA33345 | 40.5-41.5 | 2,740 ± 50 | 2860 (2790) 2770 |
| AA39714 | 50.5-51.5 | 3,220 ± 40 | 3460 (3400) 3370 |
| AA33344 | 60.5-61.5 | 7,980 ± 70 | 9000 (8940, 8930, 8860, 8840, 8780) 8640 |
| AA39715 | 80.5-81.5 | 9,380 ± 70 | 10,650 (10,570) 10,490 |
| AA39716 | 100.5-101.5 | 9,590 ± 70 | 11,110 (11,060; 10,950; 10,770) 10,710 |
| Beta-100829 | 121.5-122.5 | 9,720 ± 60 | 11,180 (11,160) 11,100 |
| AA39717 | 125.5-126.5 | 9,820 ± 70 | 11,230 (11,200) 11,170 |
| AA39718 | 133-133.5 | 11,030 ± 80 | 13,130 (13,000) 12,930 |
| AA33343 | 137.5-138.5 | 38,600 ± 1,000 | |
| AA39719 | 147.5-148.5 | 46,600 ± 2,900 | |
| AA39720 | 187.5-188.5 | 41,400 ± 1,500 | |
| AA33342 | 197.5-198.5 | 43,900 ± 1,900 | |
| AA33341 | 247.5-248.5 | 43,700 ± 2,000 | |
| Beta-100828 | 279-282 | >50,850 | |
| Supplemental Table 2. AMS radiocarbon dates for Laguna Chaplin. All samples are carbonate-free bulk sediment. See Web table 1 legend for explanation.
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| Laboratory code | Sample depth (cm) | AMS 14C age (years B.P. ± 1s) | Calibrated cal yr B.P. (1s) |
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| Beta-137570 | 36.5-37.5 | 710 ± 50 | 670 (660) 570 |
| AA39700 | 51.5-52.5 | 2,240 ± 40 | 2320 (2300, 2240, 2170) 2150 |
| AA39701 | 69.5-70.5 | 2,740 ± 40 | 2850 (2790) 2770 |
| AA39702 | 85-86 | 3,870 ± 50 | 4350 (4250) 4160 |
| AA39703 | 100-101 | 4,330 ± 80 | 4960 (4850) 4830 |
| AA39704 | 125-126 | 6,040 ± 50 | 6900 (6860, 6830, 6800) 6750 |
| AA39705 | 135-136 | 9,000 ± 100 | 10,230 (10,180) 9930 |
| AA39706 | 155-156 | 17,820 ± 140 | 21,470 (21,210) 20,960 |
| AA39707 | 175-176 | 31,060 ± 440 | |
| AA39708 | 195-196 | 34,820 ± 700 | |
| AA39709 | 213-214 | 37,750 ± 970 | |
| AA39710 | 250-251 | 43,400 ± 1,900 | |
| AA39711 | 285-286 | 41,200 ± 1,400 | |
| AA39712 | 296-297 | 38,100 ± 1,000 | |
Supplemental Figure 1. Laguna Bella Vista expanded summary pollen percentage diagram. Percentages are expressed as a proportion of the total land pollen sum (at least 300 grains), including terrestrial fern spores; all aquatic taxa (e.g., Isoetes and Pediastrum) have been excluded from the pollen sum. Only the most abundant taxa from the full complement of 263 pollen types are shown. Dots on the curves denote < 0.5% presence. Analysis of pollen concentration data shows that these percentage changes are not statistical artifacts, but represent real vegetation change. Percent organic content was determined by loss on ignition at 550°C. On the depth scale, 0 cm represents the interface between sediment and water. The pollen record was produced by F. E. Mayle (unpublished data).
Medium version | Full size version
Supplemental Figure 2. Laguna Chaplin expanded summary pollen percentage diagram. Percentages were calculated in the same manner as for Web fig. 1. Only the most abundant taxa from the full complement of 290 pollen types are shown. Comparison with pollen concentration data reveals that the percentage peak in Mauritia/Mauritiella pollen at the base of the record is a statistical artifact produced by low concentrations of other pollen taxa at this level. The pollen record was produced by R. Burbridge (unpublished data).
Medium version | Full size version
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