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Science 21 April 2006:
Vol. 312. no. 5772, pp. 400 - 404
DOI: 10.1126/science.1122659
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Research Articles
Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data
Jean-Pierre Bibring1,
Yves Langevin1,
John F. Mustard2,
François Poulet1,
Raymond Arvidson3,
Aline Gendrin1,2,
Brigitte Gondet1,
Nicolas Mangold4,
P. Pinet5,
F. Forget6 the OMEGA team,
Michel Berthé7,
Jean-Pierre Bibring7,
Aline Gendrin7,
Cécile Gomez7,
Brigitte Gondet7,
Denis Jouglet7,
François Poulet7,
Alain Soufflot7,
Mathieu Vincendon7,
Michel Combes8,
Pierre Drossart8,
Thérèse Encrenaz8,
Thierry Fouchet8,
Riccardo Merchiorri8,
GianCarlo Belluci9,
Francesca Altieri9,
Vittorio Formisano9,
Fabricio Capaccioni10,
Pricilla Cerroni10,
Angioletta Coradini10,
Sergio Fonti11,
Oleg Korablev12,
Volodia Kottsov12,
Nikolai Ignatiev12,
Vassili Moroz12,
Dimitri Titov12,
Ludmilla Zasova12,
Damien Loiseau13,
Nicolas Mangold13,
Patrick Pinet14,
Sylvain Douté15,
Bernard Schmitt15,
Christophe Sotin16,
Ernst Hauber17,
Harald Hoffmann17,
Ralf Jaumann17,
Uwe Keller18,
Ray Arvidson19,
John F. Mustard20,
Tom Duxbury21,
François Forget22,
G. Neukum23
1 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France.
2 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
4 Interactions et Dynamique des Environnement de Surface (IDES), Bâtiment 509, 91405 Orsay Campus, France.
5 Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.
6 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Université Paris 6, Paris, France.
7 IAS, Orsay Campus, France.
8 Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France.
9 Istituto di Fisica della Spazio Interplanetario–Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (IFSI-INAF), Rome, Italy.
10 IAS-INAF, Rome, Italy.
11 University of Lecce, Italy.
12 Institut Komichiski Issledovanie, Moscow, Russia.
13 IDES, Orsay Campus, France.
14 Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.
15 Laboratoire de Planétologie, Grenoble, France.
16 Departement de Planétologie, Université de Nantes, France.
17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Berlin, Germany.
18 Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau, Germany.
19 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
20 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
21 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA.
22 LMD, Université Paris 6, Paris, France.
23 Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany.
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Fig. 1. Global maps of pyroxene (top) and anhydrous nanophase ferric oxides (bottom), exhibiting the anticorrelation between surface mafics and altered minerals (in the form of ferric oxides). The cratered crust with large pyroxene content (top, yellow to red) is not covered with altered minerals (bottom, blue to green). Conversely, the large areas with no mafics (top, blue) correspond to the higher concentration of ferric oxides (bottom, red to white).
[View Larger Version of this Image (93K GIF file)]
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Fig. 3. Global map of hydrated minerals (top) plotted over a MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) altitude reference map (bottom). Red, phyllosilicates; blue, sulfates; yellow, other hydrated minerals, with no marked feature (such as being driven by metal-OH vibration) enabling the identification.
[View Larger Version of this Image (49K GIF file)]
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Fig. 4. Magnification of one area of the global map of hydrated minerals (Fig. 3), mapping the hydrated sites in the Marwth Vallis region, with its context in a MGS MOLA altimetry map. Hydrated minerals are not found in the channel (blue arrow) but in the eroded flanks and the cratered plateau (red arrow).
[View Larger Version of this Image (56K GIF file)]
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