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Science 18 September 1981:
Vol. 213. no. 4514, pp. 1394 - 1397
DOI: 10.1126/science.6267699
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Articles

Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin

W Vale, J Spiess, C Rivier, and J Rivier

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Article topics:

  • Medicine..Behavioral and Psychosocial Issues


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Increased Connexin 43 Expression as a Potential Mediator of the Neuroprotective Activity of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone.
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A novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor splice variant exhibits dominant negative activity: a putative link to stress-induced heart disease.
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Regulation and role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in hypothalamic 4B cells.
K. Kageyama, K. Hanada, Y. Iwasaki, and T. Suda (2009)
J. Endocrinol. 201, 369-376
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Human corticotropin releasing hormone test performance in the differential diagnosis between Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing state is enhanced by combined ACTH and cortisol analysis.
G. Arnaldi, G. Tirabassi, R. Papa, G. Furlani, L. Trementino, M. Cardinaletti, E. Faloia, and M. Boscaro (2009)
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Norepinephrine mediates the transcriptional effects of heterotypic chronic stress on colonic motor function.
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296, G1238-G1247
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Therapeutic advances in functional gastrointestinal disease: irritable bowel syndrome..
A. Gaman, M. C. Bucur, and B. Kuo (2009)
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2, 169-181
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Social stress-induced bladder dysfunction: potential role of corticotropin-releasing factor.
S. K. Wood, M. A. Baez, S. Bhatnagar, and R. J. Valentino (2009)
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Novel action of pituitary urocortin 2 in the regulation of expression and secretion of gonadotropins.
T. Nemoto, N. Yamauchi, and T. Shibasaki (2009)
J. Endocrinol. 201, 105-114
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Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the Second Extracellular Loop of Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Revealed Residues Critical for Peptide Binding.
K. Gkountelias, T. Tselios, M. Venihaki, G. Deraos, I. Lazaridis, O. Rassouli, A. Gravanis, and G. Liapakis (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 793-800
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Constitutive Somatostatin Receptor Activity Determines Tonic Pituitary Cell Response.
A. Ben-Shlomo, C. Zhou, O. Pichurin, V. Chesnokova, N.-A. Liu, M. D. Culler, and S. Melmed (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 337-348
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Novel Expression of Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Multiple Endocrine Cell Types in the Murine Anterior Pituitary.
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Endocrinology 150, 260-267
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Residue 17 of Sauvagine Cross-links to the First Transmembrane Domain of Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRFR1).
I. Assil-Kishawi, T. A. Samra, D. F. Mierke, and A. B. Abou-Samra (2008)
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Urocortin 1 Inhibits Rat Leydig Cell Function.
C. L. Rivier (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 6425-6432
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Antagonism of specific corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes selectively modifies weight loss in restrained rats.
C. Chotiwat and R. B. S. Harris (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R1762-R1773
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Molecular Recognition of Corticotropin-releasing Factor by Its G-protein-coupled Receptor CRFR1.
A. A. Pioszak, N. R. Parker, K. Suino-Powell, and H. E. Xu (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 32900-32912
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Recurrent hypoglycemia alters hypothalamic expression of the regulatory proteins FosB and synaptophysin.
S. Al-Noori, N. M. Sanders, G. J. Taborsky Jr., C. W. Wilkinson, A. Zavosh, C. West, C. M. Sanders, and D. P. Figlewicz (2008)
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Water deprivation increases Fos expression in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor neurons induced by right atrial distension in awake rats.
M. Benedetti, R. Rorato, M. Castro, B. H. Machado, J. Antunes-Rodrigues, and L. L. K. Elias (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R1706-R1712
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates SGK-1 kinase expression in cultured hippocampal neurons via CRH-R1.
H. Sheng, T. Sun, B. Cong, P. He, Y. Zhang, J. Yan, C. Lu, and X. Ni (2008)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295, E938-E946
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From the Cover: Impact of overactive bladder on the brain: Central sequelae of a visceral pathology.
E. Rickenbacher, M. A. Baez, L. Hale, S. C. Leiser, S. A. Zderic, and R. J. Valentino (2008)
PNAS 105, 10589-10594
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Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Basolateral Amygdala Enhances Memory Consolidation via an Interaction with the {beta}-Adrenoceptor-cAMP Pathway: Dependence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation.
B. Roozendaal, G. Schelling, and J. L. McGaugh (2008)
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Presynaptic Inhibition of Diverse Afferents to the Locus Ceruleus by {kappa}-Opiate Receptors: A Novel Mechanism for Regulating the Central Norepinephrine System.
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J. Neurosci. 28, 6516-6525
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Adaptation to Mild, Intermittent Stress Delays Development of Hyperglycemia in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat Independent of Food Intake: Role of Habituation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.
H. E. Bates, A. S. Sirek, M. A. Kiraly, J. T. Y. Yue, D. Goche Montes, S. G. Matthews, and M. Vranic (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 2990-3001
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Residues of Corticotropin Releasing Factor-binding Protein (CRF-BP) That Selectively Abrogate Binding to CRF but Not to Urocortin 1.
M. O. Huising, J. M. Vaughan, S. H. Shah, K. L. Grillot, C. J. Donaldson, J. Rivier, G. Flik, and W. W. Vale (2008)
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Dopamine and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Synergistically Alter Basolateral Amygdala-to-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Transmission: Functional Switch after Chronic Cocaine Administration.
L. Orozco-Cabal, J. Liu, S. Pollandt, K. Schmidt, P. Shinnick-Gallagher, and J. P. Gallagher (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 529-542
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Recent Findings in the Pathophysiology of Depression.
C. B. Nemeroff (2008)
Focus 6, 3-14
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Stress-Induced Intracellular Trafficking of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons.
B. A. S. Reyes, R. J. Valentino, and E. J. Van Bockstaele (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 122-130
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone activates connexin 43 via activator protein-1 transcription factor in human myometrial smooth muscle cells.
X. Wu, H. Shen, L. Yu, M. Peng, W.-S. Lai, and Y.-L. Ding (2007)
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Role of Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2 and Store-Operated Pathway in Urocortin-Induced Vasodilatation of Rat Coronary Artery.
T. Smani, A. Dominguez-Rodriguez, A. Hmadcha, E. Calderon-Sanchez, A. Horrillo-Ledesma, and A. Ordonez (2007)
Circ. Res. 101, 1194-1203
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Identifying Early Behavioral and Molecular Markers of Future Stress Sensitivity.
N. Goel and T. L. Bale (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 4585-4591
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Impaired adaptation to repeated restraint and decreased response to cold in urocortin 1 knockout mice.
A. A. Zalutskaya, M. Arai, G. S. Bounoutas, and A. B. Abou-Samra (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293, E259-E263
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Acute stress increases interstitial fluid amyloid-beta via corticotropin-releasing factor and neuronal activity.
J.-E. Kang, J. R. Cirrito, H. Dong, J. G. Csernansky, and D. M. Holtzman (2007)
PNAS 104, 10673-10678
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Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors Differentially Regulate Stress-Induced Tau Phosphorylation.
R. A. Rissman, K.-F. Lee, W. Vale, and P. E. Sawchenko (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 6552-6562
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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-binding protein expression in and release from the head kidney of common carp: evolutionary conservation of the adrenal CRF system.
M. O Huising, L. M van der Aa, J. R Metz, A. de Fatima Mazon, B M L. V.-v. Kemenade, and G. Flik (2007)
J. Endocrinol. 193, 349-357
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Expression of molecular equivalent of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult retinal pigment epithelium.
M. A Zmijewski, R. K Sharma, and A. T Slominski (2007)
J. Endocrinol. 193, 157-169
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Gastric Vagal Efferent Inhibition Evoked by Intravenous CRF Is Unrelated to Simultaneously Recorded Vagal Afferent Activity in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats.
D. W. Adelson, H. P. Kosoyan, Y. Wang, J. Z. Steinberg, and Y. Tache (2007)
J Neurophysiol 97, 3004-3014
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Estrogen potentiates adrenocortical responses to stress in female rats.
H. F. Figueiredo, Y. M. Ulrich-Lai, D. C. Choi, and J. P. Herman (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1173-E1182
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Structure of the N-terminal domain of a type B1 G protein-coupled receptor in complex with a peptide ligand.
C. R. R. Grace, M. H. Perrin, J. Gulyas, M. R. DiGruccio, J. P. Cantle, J. E. Rivier, W. W. Vale, and R. Riek (2007)
PNAS 104, 4858-4863
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Strain-specific steroidal control of pituitary function.
S.-N. Lee, B. Peng, R. Desjardins, J. E Pintar, R. Day, and I. Lindberg (2007)
J. Endocrinol. 192, 515-525
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Dehydration-induced drinking decreases Fos expression in hypothalamic paraventricular neurons expressing vasopressin but not corticotropin-releasing hormone.
C. Wotus, M. M. Arnhold, and W. C. Engeland (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R1349-R1358
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Central Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Neuron-Specific Proopiomelanocortin-Deficient Mice.
J. L. Smart, V. Tolle, V. Otero-Corchon, and M. J. Low (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 647-659
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Social buffering: relief from stress and anxiety.
T. Kikusui, J. T Winslow, and Y. Mori (2006)
Phil Trans R Soc B 361, 2215-2228
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ectopic ACTH syndrome: our experience with 25 cases..
L. R. Salgado, M. C. B V. Fragoso, M. Knoepfelmacher, M. C. Machado, S. Domenice, M. A. A. Pereira, and B. B. de Mendonca (2006)
Eur. J. Endocrinol. 155, 725-733
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor within the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Mediates Enhanced Ethanol Self-Administration in Withdrawn, Ethanol-Dependent Rats..
C. K. Funk, L. E. O'Dell, E. F. Crawford, and G. F. Koob (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 11324-11332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reciprocal Regulation of a Glucocorticoid Receptor-Steroidogenic Factor-1 Transcription Complex on the Dax-1 Promoter by Glucocorticoids and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in the Adrenal Cortex.
B. M. Gummow, J. O. Scheys, V. R. Cancelli, and G. D. Hammer (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2711-2723
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-releasing hormone physiology.
J. A Majzoub (2006)
Eur. J. Endocrinol. 155, S71-S76
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists.
E Zoumakis, D K Grammatopoulos, and G P Chrousos (2006)
Eur. J. Endocrinol. 155, S85-S91
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The role of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
C J Peters, H L Storr, A B Grossman, and M O Savage (2006)
Eur. J. Endocrinol. 155, S93-S98
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Urocortin 2 modulates glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
A. Chen, B. Brar, C. S. Choi, D. Rousso, J. Vaughan, Y. Kuperman, S. N. Kim, C. Donaldson, S. M. Smith, P. Jamieson, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 16580-16585
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptors in the brain of rats with insulin and corticosterone deficits..
Q. Huang, E. Timofeeva, and D. Richard (2006)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 37, 213-226
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Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and its types 1 and 2 receptors by leptin in rats subjected to treadmill running-induced stress..
Q. Huang, E. Timofeeva, and D. Richard (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 191, 179-188
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of a Ultraviolet B-Induced Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Proopiomelanocortin System in Human Melanocytes.
B. Zbytek, J. Wortsman, and A. Slominski (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2539-2547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Urocortin 3 Modulates the Neuroendocrine Stress Response and Is Regulated in Rat Amygdala and Hypothalamus by Stress and Glucocorticoids.
P. M. Jamieson, C. Li, C. Kukura, J. Vaughan, and W. Vale (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 4578-4588
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effect of Lateral Septum Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 2 Activation on Anxiety Is Modulated by Stress.
B. Henry, W. Vale, and A. Markou (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 9142-9152
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Urocortin Induces Interleukin-6 Gene Expression via Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells.
K. Kageyama, K. Hanada, T. Nigawara, T. Moriyama, K. Terui, S. Sakihara, and T. Suda (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 4454-4462
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endocrinology: the next 60 years..
W. S Dhillo, K. G Murphy, and S. Bloom (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 190, 7-10
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oxytocin actions within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei: differential effects on peripheral and intranuclear vasopressin release.
I. D. Neumann, L. Torner, N. Toschi, and A. H. Veenema (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 291, R29-R36
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stress and the colon: central-vagal or direct peripheral effect of CRF?.
R. C. Rogers, G. E. Hermann, and R. A. Travagli (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 290, R1535-R1536
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Impact of state of arousal and stress neuropeptides on urodynamic function in freely moving rats.
D. A. Kiddoo, R. J. Valentino, S. Zderic, A. Ganesh, S. C. Leiser, L. Hale, and D. E. Grigoriadis (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 290, R1697-R1706
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Urocortin 2-deficient mice exhibit gender-specific alterations in circadian hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive-like behavior..
A. Chen, E. Zorrilla, S. Smith, D. Rousso, C. Levy, J. Vaughan, C. Donaldson, A. Roberts, K.-F. Lee, and W. Vale (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 5500-5510
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of the Biological Activity of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Implications for Physiology and Pathophysiology.
E. W. Hillhouse and D. K. Grammatopoulos (2006)
Endocr. Rev. 27, 260-286
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Dynamic Expression and Regulation of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Urocortin-Receptor-Binding Protein System in the Primate Ovary during the Menstrual Cycle.
J. Xu, J. D. Hennebold, and R. L. Stouffer (2006)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 1544-1553
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Can modulating corticotropin releasing hormone receptors alter visceral sensitivity?.
S Fukudo, K Saito, Y Sagami, and M Kanazawa (2006)
Gut 55, 146-148
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Urocortin II enhances contractility in rabbit ventricular myocytes via CRF2 receptor-mediated stimulation of protein kinase A.
L.-Z. Yang, J. Kockskamper, F. R. Heinzel, M. Hauber, S. Walther, J. Spiess, and B. Pieske (2006)
Cardiovasc Res 69, 402-411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Involvement in Desensitization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptor Type 1 by CRF in Murine Corticotrophs.
K. Kageyama, K. Hanada, T. Moriyama, T. Nigawara, S. Sakihara, and T. Suda (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 441-450
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Urocortins of the South African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis: Conservation of Structure and Function in Tetrapod Evolution.
G. C. Boorse, E. J. Crespi, F. M. Dautzenberg, and R. J. Denver (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 4851-4860
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-releasing hormone effects on human pregnant vs. nonpregnant myometrium explants estimated from a mathematical model of uterine contraction.
T.-M. Mignot, B. Paris, B. Carbonne, C. Vauge, F. Ferre, and D. Vaiman (2005)
J Appl Physiol 99, 1157-1163
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Augments the IH in Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Parvocellular Neurons In Vitro.
D.-L. Qiu, C.-P. Chu, T. Shirasaka, H. Tsukino, H. Nakao, K. Kato, T. Kunitake, T. Katoh, and H. Kannan (2005)
J Neurophysiol 94, 226-234
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Origin of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript-Containing Axons Innervating Hypophysiotropic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons in the Rat.
G. Wittmann, Z. Liposits, R. M. Lechan, and C. Fekete (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 2985-2991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression and effects of metabotropic CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in rat small intestine.
C. Porcher, A. Juhem, A. Peinnequin, V. Sinniger, and B. Bonaz (2005)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288, G1091-G1103
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hypercortisolemia and Depression.
C. F. Gillespie and C. B. Nemeroff (2005)
Psychosom Med 67, S26-S28
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct Conformations of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Type 1 Receptor Adopted following Agonist and Antagonist Binding Are Differentially Regulated.
S. J. Perry, S. Junger, T. A. Kohout, S. R. J. Hoare, R. S. Struthers, D. E. Grigoriadis, and R. A. Maki (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 11560-11568
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 and Central Heart Rate Regulation in Mice during Expression of Conditioned Fear.
O. Stiedl, M. Meyer, O. Jahn, S. O. Ogren, and J. Spiess (2005)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312, 905-916
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovery of LH-regulated genes in the primate corpus luteum.
J. Xu, R.L. Stouffer, R.P. Searles, and J.D. Hennebold (2005)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 11, 151-159
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Urocortin-induced relaxation in the human internal mammary artery.
Z.-W. Chen, Y. Huang, Q. Yang, X. Li, W. Wei, and G.-W. He (2005)
Cardiovasc Res 65, 913-920
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A soluble mouse brain splice variant of type 2{alpha} corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor binds ligands and modulates their activity.
A. M. Chen, M. H. Perrin, M. R. DiGruccio, J. M. Vaughan, B. K. Brar, C. M. Arias, K. A. Lewis, J. E. Rivier, P. E. Sawchenko, and W. W. Vale (2005)
PNAS 102, 2620-2625
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Mouse Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 2{alpha} Gene: Isolation, Distribution, Pharmacological Characterization and Regulation by Stress and Glucocorticoids.
A. Chen, M. Perrin, B. Brar, C. Li, P. Jamieson, M. DiGruccio, K. Lewis, and W. Vale (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 441-458
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Hypothalamic hormones a.k.a. hypothalamic releasing factors.
R. Guillemin (2005)
J. Endocrinol. 184, 11-28
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Regional Hemodynamic Actions of Selective Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Type 2 Receptor Ligands in Conscious Rats.
S. M. Gardiner, J. E. March, P. A. Kemp, A. P. Davenport, K. E. Wiley, and T. Bennett (2005)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312, 53-60
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-2 in Stress-Induced Suppression of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Rat.
X. F. Li, J. E. Bowe, S. L. Lightman, and K. T. O'Byrne (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 318-322
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Calcium/calmodulin kinase IV pathway is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoter in neuronal cells.
E Yamamori, M Asai, M Yoshida, K Takano, K Itoi, Y Oiso, and Y Iwasaki (2004)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 33, 639-649
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Stress and dysmenorrhoea: a population based prospective study.
L Wang, X Wang, W Wang, C Chen, A G Ronnennberg, W Guang, A Huang, Z Fang, T Zang, L Wang, et al. (2004)
Occup. Environ. Med. 61, 1021-1026
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coexpression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Urotensin I Precursor Genes in the Caudal Neurosecretory System of the Euryhaline Flounder (Platichthys flesus): A Possible Shared Role in Peripheral Regulation.
W. Lu, L. Dow, S. Gumusgoz, M. J. Brierley, J. M. Warne, C. R. McCrohan, R. J. Balment, and D. Riccardi (2004)
Endocrinology 145, 5786-5797
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Estrogen Receptor (ER){beta} Isoforms Rather Than ER{alpha} Regulate Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Promoter Activity through an Alternate Pathway.
W. J. S. Miller, S. Suzuki, L. K. Miller, R. Handa, and R. M. Uht (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 10628-10635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tissue plasminogen activator promotes the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on the amygdala and anxiety-like behavior.
T. Matys, R. Pawlak, E. Matys, C. Pavlides, B. S. McEwen, and S. Strickland (2004)
PNAS 101, 16345-16350
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of dendritic differentiation by corticotropin-releasing factor in the developing hippocampus.
Y. Chen, R. A. Bender, K. L. Brunson, J. K. Pomper, D. E. Grigoriadis, W. Wurst, and T. Z. Baram (2004)
PNAS 101, 15782-15787
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Activates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis through a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-Dependent Mechanism.
S. M. Smith, J. M. Vaughan, C. J. Donaldson, J. Rivier, C. Li, A. Chen, and W. W. Vale (2004)
Endocrinology 145, 5202-5209
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Prenatal Exposure to Interleukin-6 Results in Hypertension and Increased Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Adult Rats.
A.-M. Samuelsson, I. Ohrn, J. Dahlgren, E. Eriksson, B. Angelin, B. Folkow, and A. Holmang (2004)
Endocrinology 145, 4897-4911
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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic Neurons of the Locus Ceruleus Recorded In Vitro.
H. P. Jedema and A. A. Grace (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 9703-9713
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Neuronal activity and CRF receptor gene transcription in the brains of rats with colitis.
C. Porcher, V. Sinniger, A. Juhem, P. Mouchet, and B. Bonaz (2004)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287, G803-G814
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Regulation of the Coupling to Different G Proteins of Rat Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptor Type 1 in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells.
D. Wietfeld, N. Heinrich, J. Furkert, K. Fechner, M. Beyermann, M. Bienert, and H. Berger (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 38386-38394
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Human Urocortin 2, a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF)2 Agonist, and Ovine CRF, a CRF1 Agonist, Differentially Alter Feeding and Motor Activity.
E. P. Zorrilla, L. E. Reinhardt, G. R. Valdez, K. Inoue, J. E. Rivier, W. W. Vale, and G. F. Koob (2004)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310, 1027-1034
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NMR structure and peptide hormone binding site of the first extracellular domain of a type B1 G protein-coupled receptor.
C. R. R. Grace, M. H. Perrin, M. R. DiGruccio, C. L. Miller, J. E. Rivier, W. W. Vale, and R. Riek (2004)
PNAS 101, 12836-12841
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Sexual dichotomy of an interaction between early adversity and the serotonin transporter gene promoter variant in rhesus macaques.
C. S. Barr, T. K. Newman, M. Schwandt, C. Shannon, R. L. Dvoskin, S. G. Lindell, J. Taubman, B. Thompson, M. Champoux, K. P. Lesch, et al. (2004)
PNAS 101, 12358-12363
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Promoter Analysis of Human Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Type 1 Receptor and Regulation by CRF and Urocortin.
K. L. Parham, S. Zervou, E. Karteris, R. D. Catalano, R. W. Old, and E. W. Hillhouse (2004)
Endocrinology 145, 3971-3983
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