Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 19 November 1965:
Vol. 150. no. 3699, pp. 971 - 979
DOI: 10.1126/science.150.3699.971

Articles

Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory

Ronald Melzack and Patrick D. Wall

No abstract or summary view of this item is available. To view the full-text version, follow this link.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Pain Catastrophizing Mediates the Relationship Between Self-Reported Strenuous Exercise Involvement and Pain Ratings: Moderating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity.
B. R. Goodin, L. M. McGuire, L. M. Stapleton, N. B. Quinn, L. A. Fabian, J. A. Haythornthwaite, and R. R. Edwards (2009)
Psychosom Med 71, 1018-1025
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Direct Evidence for Spinal Cord Involvement in Placebo Analgesia.
F. Eippert, J. Finsterbusch, U. Bingel, and C. Buchel (2009)
Science 326, 404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Skills-Based Group Intervention for Adolescent Girls With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
L. G. Hayutin, R. L. Blount, J. D. Lewis, L. E. Simons, and M. L. McCormick (2009)
Clinical Case Studies 8, 355-365
   Abstract »    PDF »
Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Children With Recurrent Pain.
S. Petersen, B. L. Hagglof, and E. I. Bergstrom (2009)
Pediatrics 124, e759-e767
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visually Induced Analgesia: Seeing the Body Reduces Pain.
M. R. Longo, V. Betti, S. M. Aglioti, and P. Haggard (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 12125-12130
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endogenous Opiates in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Mediate Electroacupuncture-induced Sleep Activities in Rats.
C.-H. Cheng, P.-L. Yi, J.-G. Lin, and F.-C. Chang (2009)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temperature perception on the hand during static versus dynamic contact with a surface.
B. G. Green (2009)
Atten Percept Psychophys 71, 1185-1196
   Abstract »    PDF »
Neuroplasticity and Sensitization.
C. S. Greene (2009)
J Am Dent Assoc 140, 676-678
   Full Text »    PDF »
A model for the explanation of discomfort and pain in the eye caused by light.
P. Stone (2009)
Lighting Research and Technology 41, 109-121
   Abstract »    PDF »
Nociceptive Laser-Evoked Brain Potentials Do Not Reflect Nociceptive-Specific Neural Activity.
A. Mouraux and G. D. Iannetti (2009)
J Neurophysiol 101, 3258-3269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pain Management Imaging.
B. FURLOW (2009)
Radiol. Technol. 80, 447-467
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pain Management Principles in the Critically Ill.
B. L. Erstad, K. Puntillo, H. C. Gilbert, M. J. Grap, D. Li, J. Medina, R. A. Mularski, C. Pasero, B. Varkey, and C. N. Sessler (2009)
Chest 135, 1075-1086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analgesic Action of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: A Review of Unique Approaches in Japan.
K. Okada and K. Kawakita (2009)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 6, 11-17
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Western medical acupuncture: a definition.
Adrian White and Editorial Board of Acupuncture in (2009)
Acupunct Med 27, 33-35
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UninTENSional pacemaker interactions with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
H. Burri and V. Piguet (2009)
Europace 11, 283-284
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part II: Clinical Applications and Implications for Research.
R. D. Lane, S. R. Waldstein, H. D. Critchley, S. W. G. Derbyshire, D. A. Drossman, T. D. Wager, N. Schneiderman, M. A. Chesney, J. R. Jennings, W. R. Lovallo, et al. (2009)
Psychosom Med 71, 135-151
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low-Threshold Primary Afferent Drive onto GABAergic Interneurons in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Mouse.
C. A. Daniele and A. B. MacDermott (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 686-695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CHAPTER 17 Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease.
F. Crea, P. G. Camici, R. De Caterina, and G. A. Lanza (2009)
ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 2, med-9780199566990-chapter
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spinal Cord Stimulation as a Treatment Option for Intractable Neuropathic Cancer Pain.
A. E. Yakovlev and Y. Ellias (2008)
Clin. Med. Res. 6, 103-106
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access.
L. L. Cohen (2008)
Pediatrics 122, S134-S139
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence-based Assessment of Pediatric Pain.
L. L. Cohen, K. Lemanek, R. L. Blount, L. M. Dahlquist, C. S. Lim, T. M. Palermo, K. D. McKenna, and K. E. Weiss (2008)
J. Pediatr. Psychol. 33, 939-955
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effectiveness of a Hope Intervention in Coping with Cold Pressor Pain.
C. J. Berg, C.R. Snyder, and N. Hamilton (2008)
J Health Psychol 13, 804-809
   Abstract »    PDF »
Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease: Follow-up After 1 Year with Neurostimulation.
E. Fricke, S. Eckert, A. Dongas, H. Fricke, R. Preuss, O. Lindner, D. Horstkotte, and W. Burchert (2008)
J. Nucl. Med. 49, 1458-1464
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The placebo treatments in neurosciences: New insights from clinical and neuroimaging studies.
N. J. Diederich and C. G. Goetz (2008)
Neurology 71, 677-684
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pain medicine: advances in basic sciences and clinical practice.
L. A. Colvin and D. G. Lambert (2008)
Br. J. Anaesth. 101, 1-4
   Full Text »    PDF »
Advances in understanding the mechanisms and management of persistent pain in older adults.
J. F. Karp, J. W. Shega, N. E. Morone, and D. K. Weiner (2008)
Br. J. Anaesth. 101, 111-120
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Culture and the Metaphoric Mediation of Pain.
L. J. Kirmayer (2008)
Transcultural Psychiatry 45, 318-338
   Abstract »    PDF »
Activation of GIRK channels in substantia gelatinosa neurones of the adult rat spinal cord: a possible involvement of somatostatin.
T. Nakatsuka, T. Fujita, K. Inoue, and E. Kumamoto (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 2511-2522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Commonly Used Preclinical Models of Pain.
Y. Jeong and J. E. Holden (2008)
West J Nurs Res 30, 350-364
   Abstract »    PDF »
Myelinated Skin Sensory Neurons Project Extensively throughout Adult Mouse Substantia Gelatinosa.
M. D. Boada and C. J. Woodbury (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 2006-2014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequentially allocated clinical trial of rhythmic stabilization exercises and TENS in women with chronic low back pain.
N. D. Kofotolis, S. P. Vlachopoulos, and E. Kellis (2008)
Clinical Rehabilitation 22, 99-111
   Abstract »    PDF »
Placebo and Nocebo Effects Are Defined by Opposite Opioid and Dopaminergic Responses.
D. J. Scott, C. S. Stohler, C. M. Egnatuk, H. Wang, R. A. Koeppe, and J.-K. Zubieta (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 220-231
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of cardiac ischemia-sensitive afferent neuron signaling by preemptive C2 spinal cord stimulation: effect on substance P release from rat spinal cord.
X. Ding, J. L. Ardell, F. Hua, R. J. McAuley, K. Sutherly, J. J Daniel, and C. A. Williams (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 294, R93-R101
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Using Image-Guided Techniques for Chronic Low Back Pain.
S. S. Boyajian (2007)
J Am Osteopath Assoc 107, ES3-ES9
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hyperthermia induced by microwave diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries.
A. Giombini, V. Giovannini, A. D. Cesare, P. Pacetti, N. Ichinoseki-Sekine, M. Shiraishi, H. Naito, and N. Maffulli (2007)
Br. Med. Bull. 83, 379-396
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Moving From an Averaged to Specific View of Spinal Cord Pain Processing Circuits.
B. A. Graham, A. M. Brichta, and R. J. Callister (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 1057-1063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effectiveness of Massage Therapy for Chronic, Non-malignant Pain: A Review.
J. C.I. Tsao (2007)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 4, 165-179
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Preventing the Development of Chronic Pain After Orthopaedic Surgery with Preventive Multimodal Analgesic Techniques.
S. S. Reuben and A. Buvanendran (2007)
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 89, 1343-1358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Receptor Subtypes in the Inhibitory Effects of 5-HT on C-Fiber Responses of Spinal Wide Dynamic Range Neurons in Rats.
F.-Y. Liu, G.-G. Xing, X.-X. Qu, I. S. Xu, J.-S. Han, and Y. Wan (2007)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321, 1046-1053
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance * Commentary.
A. A Algafly, K. P George, and L. Herrington (2007)
Br. J. Sports Med. 41, 365-369
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ten Consecutive Cases of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of Less than 12 Months Duration in Active Duty United States Military Personnel Treated with Spinal Cord Stimulation.
M. H. Verdolin, E. T. Stedje-Larsen, and A. H. Hickey (2007)
Anesth. Analg. 104, 1557-1560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Experience of Massage During Chemotherapy Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients.
A. Billhult, E. Stener-Victorin, and I. Bergbom (2007)
Clin Nurs Res 16, 85-99
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pain Reduction During Pediatric Immunizations: Evidence-Based Review and Recommendations.
N. L. Schechter, W. T. Zempsky, L. L. Cohen, P. J. McGrath, C. M. McMurtry, and N. S. Bright (2007)
Pediatrics 119, e1184-e1198
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A 60-Year-Old Woman Considering Acupuncture for Knee Pain.
B. Berman (2007)
JAMA 297, 1697-1707
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repeated 100 Hz TENS for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Hyperalgesia and Suppression of Spinal Release of Substance P in Monoarthritic Rats.
H.-X. Liu, J.-B. Tian, F. Luo, Y.-H. Jiang, Z.-G. Deng, L. Xiong, C. Liu, J.-S. Wang, and J.-S. Han (2007)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 4, 65-75
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
When Research Goes Pear-Shaped: Report and Reflections on a Failed Study of Exercise and Manual Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
M. Cameron (2007)
Complementary Health Practice Review 12, 63-77
   Abstract »    PDF »
A survey investigation of the effects of music listening on chronic pain.
L. A. Mitchell, R. A.R. MacDonald, C. Knussen, and M. G. Serpell (2007)
Psychology of Music 35, 37-57
   Abstract »    PDF »
Physiological properties of spinal lamina II GABAergic neurons in mice following peripheral nerve injury.
D. Schoffnegger, B. Heinke, C. Sommer, and J. Sandkuhler (2006)
J. Physiol. 577, 869-878
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GABAA-Receptor Blockade Reverses the Injury-Induced Sensitization of Nociceptor-Specific (NS) Neurons in the Spinal Dorsal Horn of the Rat.
E. Garcia-Nicas, J. M. A. Laird, and F. Cervero (2006)
J Neurophysiol 96, 661-670
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cardiac syndrome X in women: the role of oestrogen deficiency.
J C Kaski (2006)
Heart 92, iii5-iii9
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Basic Science of Pain.
J. A. DeLeo (2006)
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 88, 58-62
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temporal Analysis of Cortical Mechanisms for Pain Relief by Tactile Stimuli in Humans.
K. Inui, T. Tsuji, and R. Kakigi (2006)
Cereb Cortex 16, 355-365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disinhibition Opens the Gate to Pathological Pain Signaling in Superficial Neurokinin 1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons in Rat Spinal Cord.
C. Torsney and A. B. MacDermott (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 1833-1843
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Placebo-Induced Changes in Spinal Cord Pain Processing.
D. Matre, K. L. Casey, and S. Knardahl (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 559-563
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Actions of Norepinephrine and Isoflurane on Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Adult Rat Spinal Cord Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons.
S. K. Georgiev, A. Wakai, T. Kohno, T. Yamakura, and H. Baba (2006)
Anesth. Analg. 102, 124-128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect.
F. Benedetti, H. S. Mayberg, T. D. Wager, C. S. Stohler, and J.-K. Zubieta (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 10390-10402
   Full Text »    PDF »
Differentiation Between the Sensory and Affective Dimension of Dyspnea During Resistive Load Breathing in Normal Subjects.
A. von Leupoldt and B. Dahme (2005)
Chest 128, 3345-3349
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Individually Tailored Treatment Targeting Motor Behavior, Cognition, and Disability: 2 Experimental Single-Case Studies of Patients With Recurrent and Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain in Primary Health Care.
P. Asenlof, E. Denison, and P. Lindberg (2005)
Physical Therapy 85, 1061-1077
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acupuncture in haemodialysis patients at the Quchi (LI11) acupoint for refractory uraemic pruritus.
C. Che-yi, C. Y. Wen, K. Min-Tsung, and H. Chiu-Ching (2005)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 20, 1912-1915
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interventional Pain Management: An Overview for Primary Care Physicians.
S. S. Boyajian (2005)
J Am Osteopath Assoc 105, S1-S6
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A randomized clinical trial of TENS and exercise for patients with chronic neck pain.
T. T. Chiu, C. W. Hui-Chan, and G. Cheing (2005)
Clinical Rehabilitation 19, 850-860
   Abstract »    PDF »
Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Treatment of Chronic Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.
A. Vinik (2005)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 4936-4945
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chronic pain following trauma.
N Curran and B Brandner (2005)
Trauma 7, 123-131
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cortical Substrates for the Perception of Dyspnea.
A. von Leupoldt and B. Dahme (2005)
Chest 128, 345-354
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acupuncture: Role in Comprehensive Cancer Care--A Primer for the Oncologist and Review of the Literature.
A. J. Cohen, A. Menter, and L. Hale (2005)
Integr Cancer Ther 4, 131-143
   Abstract »    PDF »
Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial.
H. Elden, L. Ladfors, M. F. Olsen, H.-C. Ostgaard, and H. Hagberg (2005)
BMJ 330, 761
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Post herpetic neuralgia.
J M S Pearce (2005)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 76, 572
   Full Text »    PDF »
Emotional Antecedents of Hot Flashes During Daily Life.
R. C. Thurston, J. A. Blumenthal, M. A. Babyak, and A. Sherwood (2005)
Psychosom Med 67, 137-146
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Conceptual Model of Pain Assessment for Noncommunicative Persons With Dementia.
A. L. Snow, K. J. O'Malley, M. Cody, M. E. Kunik, C. M. Ashton, C. Beck, E. Bruera, and D. Novy (2004)
Gerontologist 44, 807-817
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenosine Inhibits GABAergic and Glycinergic Transmission in Adult Rat Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons.
K. Yang, T. Fujita, and E. Kumamoto (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 2867-2877
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From Venom to Pain Research: A Novel Use of a Scorpaenidae Venom.
J. M. O'Connor, S. T. Hahn, and L. Brooks (2004)
Biol Res Nurs 6, 100-109
   Abstract »    PDF »
Physiological, neurochemical and morphological properties of a subgroup of GABAergic spinal lamina II neurones identified by expression of green fluorescent protein in mice.
B. Heinke, R. Ruscheweyh, L. Forsthuber, G. Wunderbaldinger, and J. Sandkuhler (2004)
J. Physiol. 560, 249-266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characteristics of Human Corneal Psychophysical Channels.
Y. Feng and T. L. Simpson (2004)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 3005-3010
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Corticomotor Control of a Muscle Adjacent to a Painful Joint.
A. Y. On, B. Uludag, E. Taskiran, and C. Ertekin (2004)
Neurorehabil Neural Repair 18, 127-133
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pain Facilitates Tactile Processing in Human Somatosensory Cortices.
M. Ploner, B. Pollok, and A. Schnitzler (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 1825-1829
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (P-NMES) for treating shoulder pain in chronic hemiplegia. Effects on shoulder pain and quality of life.
G. J Renzenbrink and M. J Ijzerman (2004)
Clinical Rehabilitation 18, 359-365
   Abstract »    PDF »
Evaluation and treatment of central pain syndromes.
B. D. Nicholson (2004)
Neurology 62, S30-36
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Placebo-Induced Changes in fMRI in the Anticipation and Experience of Pain.
T. D. Wager, J. K. Rilling, E. E. Smith, A. Sokolik, K. L. Casey, R. J. Davidson, S. M. Kosslyn, R. M. Rose, and J. D. Cohen (2004)
Science 303, 1162-1167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CNS Activation by Noxious Heat to the Hand or Foot: Site-Dependent Delay in Sensory But Not Emotion Circuitry.
L. Becerra, M. Iadarola, and D. Borsook (2004)
J Neurophysiol 91, 533-541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhancing Sensation in Diabetic Neuropathic Foot With Mechanical Noise.
L. Khaodhiar, J. B. Niemi, R. Earnest, C. Lima, J. D. Harry, and A. Veves (2003)
Diabetes Care 26, 3280-3283
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Capsule History of Pain Management.
M. L. Meldrum (2003)
JAMA 290, 2470-2475
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of Dorsal Spinocerebellar Responses to Limb Movement. II. Effect of Sensory Input.
G. Bosco and R. E. Poppele (2003)
J Neurophysiol 90, 3372-3383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of Morphine and Time of Day on Pain and Beta-Endorphin.
N. A. Rasmussen and L. A. Farr (2003)
Biol Res Nurs 5, 105-116
   Abstract »    PDF »
A Specific Inhibitory Pathway between Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons Receiving Direct C-Fiber Input.
Y. Lu and E. R. Perl (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 8752-8758
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Altered inhibitory synaptic transmission in superficial dorsal horn neurones in spastic and oscillator mice.
B A Graham, P R Schofield, P Sah, and R J Callister (2003)
J. Physiol. 551, 905-916
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lactoferrin elicits opioid-mediated antinociception without development of tolerance: central nNOS-1 set off duty?.
H. Teschemacher (2003)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 285, R302-R305
   Full Text »    PDF »
Relationships Between Skin Temperature and Temporal Summation of Heat and Cold Pain.
A. P. Mauderli, C. J. Vierck Jr., R. L. Cannon, A. Rodrigues, and C. Shen (2003)
J Neurophysiol 90, 100-109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Electro-acupuncture as a peroperative analgesic method and its effects on implantation rate and neuropeptide Y concentrations in follicular fluid.
E. Stener-Victorin, U. Waldenstrom, M. Wikland, L. Nilsson, L. Hagglund, and T. Lundeberg (2003)
Hum. Reprod. 18, 1454-1460
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Keeping pain out of mind: the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pain modulation.
J. Lorenz, S. Minoshima, and K. L. Casey (2003)
Brain 126, 1079-1091
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Pain-Inhibitory Role of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ in Spinal Cord.
M. Inoue, T. Kawashima, H. Takeshima, G. Calo, A. Inoue, Y. Nakata, and H. Ueda (2003)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 305, 495-501
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The reference: more than a buttress of the scientific edifice.
G D Schott (2003)
J R Soc Med 96, 191-193
   Full Text »    PDF »
Assisting Older Clients With Pain Management in the Home.
K. A. Herr and K. L. Kwekkeboom (2003)
Home Health Care Management Practice 15, 237-250
   Abstract »    PDF »
Central nervous system mechanisms in Sjogren's syndrome.
O P van Bijsterveld, A A Kruize, and R L A W Bleys (2003)
Br J Ophthalmol 87, 128-130
   Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)