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Science 23 March 2007:
Vol. 315. no. 5819, pp. 1709 - 1712
DOI: 10.1126/science.1138140
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Reports

CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes

Rodolphe Barrangou,1 Christophe Fremaux,2 Hélène Deveau,3 Melissa Richards,1 Patrick Boyaval,2 Sylvain Moineau,3 Dennis A. Romero,1 Philippe Horvath2*

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a distinctive feature of the genomes of most Bacteria and Archaea and are thought to be involved in resistance to bacteriophages. We found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences. Removal or addition of particular spacers modified the phage-resistance phenotype of the cell. Thus, CRISPR, together with associated cas genes, provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.

1 Danisco USA Inc., 3329 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53716, USA.
2 Danisco France SAS, Boîte Postale 10, F-86220 Dangé-Saint-Romain, France.
3 Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, G1K 7P4 Québec, Canada.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: philippe.horvath{at}danisco.com

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