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Infrared Spectroscopy of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Samples Returned by Stardust
Lindsay P. Keller,1*Saa Bajt,2Giuseppe A. Baratta,3Janet Borg,4John P. Bradley,2Don E. Brownlee,5Henner Busemann,6John R. Brucato,7Mark Burchell,8Luigi Colangeli,7Louis d'Hendecourt,4Zahia Djouadi,4Gianluca Ferrini,9George Flynn,10Ian A. Franchi,11Marc Fries,6Monica M. Grady,11Giles A. Graham,2Faustine Grossemy,4Anton Kearsley,12Graciela Matrajt,5Keiko Nakamura-Messenger,13Vito Mennella,7Larry Nittler,6Maria E. Palumbo,3Frank J. Stadermann,14Peter Tsou,15Alessandra Rotundi,16Scott A. Sandford,17Christopher Snead,18Andrew Steele,6Diane Wooden,17Mike Zolensky1
Infrared spectra of material captured from comet 81P/Wild 2by the Stardust spacecraft reveal indigenous aliphatic hydrocarbonssimilar to those in interplanetary dust particles thought tobe derived from comets, but with longer chain lengths than thoseobserved in the diffuse interstellar medium. Similarly, theStardust samples contain abundant amorphous silicates in additionto crystalline silicates such as olivine and pyroxene. The presenceof crystalline silicates in Wild 2 is consistent with mixingof solar system and interstellar matter. No hydrous silicatesor carbonate minerals were detected, which suggests a lack ofaqueous processing of Wild 2 dust.
1 Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, Mail Code KR, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. 2 Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. 3 Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy. 4 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France. 5 Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 6 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC20015, USA. 7 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy. 8 School of Physical Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK. 9 Novaetech s.r.l., Piazza Pilastri 18, 80125 Napoli, Italy. 10 Physics Department, State University of New York, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA. 11 Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. 12 Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. 13 Engineering Science Contract Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. 14 Laboratory for Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63160, USA. 15 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. 16 Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope," 80133 Napoli, Italy. 17 Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. 18 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lindsay.p.keller{at}nasa.gov
Michael F. A'Hearn (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1708.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1137083] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
PERSPECTIVE
Don S. Burnett (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1709.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1137084] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Don Brownlee, Peter Tsou, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M. O'D. Alexander, Tohru Araki, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Ron Bastien, Phil Bland, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Adrian Brearley, F. Brenker, Sean Brennan, John C. Bridges, Nigel D. Browning, John R. Brucato, E. Bullock, Mark J. Burchell, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Marc Chaussidon, Allan Cheuvront, Miaofang Chi, Mark J. Cintala, B. C. Clark, Simon J. Clemett, George Cody, Luigi Colangeli, George Cooper, Patrick Cordier, C. Daghlian, Zurong Dai, Louis D'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Gerardo Dominguez, Tom Duxbury, Jason P. Dworkin, Denton S. Ebel, Thanasis E. Economou, Sirine Fakra, Sam A. J. Fairey, Stewart Fallon, Gianluca Ferrini, T. Ferroir, Holger Fleckenstein, Christine Floss, George Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Z. Gainsforth, J.-P. Gallien, Matt Genge, Mary K. Gilles, Philipe Gillet, Jamie Gilmour, Daniel P. Glavin, Matthieu Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, Giles A. Graham, P. G. Grant, Simon F. Green, Faustine Grossemy, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Grossman, Yunbin Guan, Kenji Hagiya, Ralph Harvey, Philipp Heck, Gregory F. Herzog, Peter Hoppe, Friedrich Hörz, Joachim Huth, Ian D. Hutcheon, Konstantin Ignatyev, Hope Ishii, Motoo Ito, Damien Jacob, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jacobsen, Steven Jones, David Joswiak, Amy Jurewicz, Anton T. Kearsley, Lindsay P. Keller, H. Khodja, A.L. David Kilcoyne, Jochen Kissel, Alexander Krot, Falko Langenhorst, Antonio Lanzirotti, Loan Le, Laurie A. Leshin, J. Leitner, L. Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Ming-Chang Liu, K. Luening, Ian Lyon, Glen MacPherson, Matthew A. Marcus, Kuljeet Marhas, Bernard Marty, Graciela Matrajt, Kevin McKeegan, Anders Meibom, Vito Mennella, Keiko Messenger, Scott Messenger, Takashi Mikouchi, Smail Mostefaoui, Tomoki Nakamura, T. Nakano, M. Newville, Larry R. Nittler, Ichiro Ohnishi, Kazumasa Ohsumi, Kyoko Okudaira, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Russ Palma, Maria E. Palumbo, Robert O. Pepin, David Perkins, Murielle Perronnet, P. Pianetta, William Rao, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, François Robert, D. Rost, Alessandra Rotundi, Robert Ryan, Scott A. Sandford, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Dennis Schlutter, J. Sheffield-Parker, Alexandre Simionovici, Steven Simon, I. Sitnitsky, Christopher J. Snead, Maegan K. Spencer, Frank J. Stadermann, Andrew Steele, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda Stroud, Jean Susini, S. R. Sutton, Y. Suzuki, Mitra Taheri, Susan Taylor, Nick Teslich, Kazu Tomeoka, Naotaka Tomioka, Alice Toppani, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, David Troadec, Akira Tsuchiyama, Anthony J. Tuzzolino, Tolek Tyliszczak, K. Uesugi, Michael Velbel, Joe Vellenga, E. Vicenzi, L. Vincze, Jack Warren, Iris Weber, Mike Weisberg, Andrew J. Westphal, Sue Wirick, Diane Wooden, Brigitte Wopenka, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ian Wright, Hikaru Yabuta, Hajime Yano, Edward D. Young, Richard N. Zare, Thomas Zega, Karen Ziegler, Laurent Zimmerman, Ernst Zinner, and Michael Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1711.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135840] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
REPORTS
Friedrich Hörz, Ron Bastien, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, John C. Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Mark J. Burchell, Miaofang Chi, Mark J. Cintala, Zu Rong Dai, Zahia Djouadi, Gerardo Dominguez, Thanasis E. Economou, Sam A. J. Fairey, Christine Floss, Ian A. Franchi, Giles A. Graham, Simon F. Green, Philipp Heck, Peter Hoppe, Joachim Huth, Hope Ishii, Anton T. Kearsley, Jochen Kissel, Jan Leitner, Hugues Leroux, Kuljeet Marhas, Keiko Messenger, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Christopher Snead, Frank J. Stadermann, I, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda Stroud, Nick Teslich, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, A. J. Tuzzolino, David Troadec, Peter Tsou, Jack Warren, Andrew Westphal, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ian Wright, and Ernst Zinner (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1716.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135705] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Scott A. Sandford, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M. O'D. Alexander, Tohru Araki, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Donald E. Brownlee, John R. Brucato, Mark J. Burchell, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Simon J. Clemett, George Cody, Luigi Colangeli, George Cooper, Louis D'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Jason P. Dworkin, Gianluca Ferrini, Holger Fleckenstein, George J. Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Mary K. Gilles, Daniel P. Glavin, Matthieu Gounelle, Faustine Grossemy, Chris Jacobsen, Lindsay P. Keller, A. L. David Kilcoyne, Jan Leitner, Graciela Matrajt, Anders Meibom, Vito Mennella, Smail Mostefaoui, Larry R. Nittler, Maria E. Palumbo, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, François Robert, Alessandra Rotundi, Christopher J. Snead, Maegan K. Spencer, Frank J. Stadermann, Andrew Steele, Thomas Stephan, Peter Tsou, Tolek Tyliszczak, Andrew J. Westphal, Sue Wirick, Brigitte Wopenka, Hikaru Yabuta, Richard N. Zare, and Michael E. Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1720.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135841] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Kevin D. McKeegan, Jerome Aléon, John Bradley, Donald Brownlee, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Marc Chaussidon, Stewart Fallon, Christine Floss, Jamie Gilmour, Matthieu Gounelle, Giles Graham, Yunbin Guan, Philipp R. Heck, Peter Hoppe, Ian D. Hutcheon, Joachim Huth, Hope Ishii, Motoo Ito, Stein B. Jacobsen, Anton Kearsley, Laurie A. Leshin, Ming-Chang Liu, Ian Lyon, Kuljeet Marhas, Bernard Marty, Graciela Matrajt, Anders Meibom, Scott Messenger, Smail Mostefaoui, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Larry Nittler, Russ Palma, Robert O. Pepin, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, François Robert, Dennis Schlutter, Christopher J. Snead, Frank J. Stadermann, Rhonda Stroud, Peter Tsou, Andrew Westphal, Edward D. Young, Karen Ziegler, Laurent Zimmermann, and Ernst Zinner (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1724.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135992] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
George J. Flynn, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Frank E. Brenker, Sean Brennan, John Bridges, Don E. Brownlee, Emma S. Bullock, Manfred Burghammer, Benton C. Clark, Zu Rong Dai, Charles P. Daghlian, Zahia Djouadi, Sirine Fakra, Tristan Ferroir, Christine Floss, Ian A. Franchi, Zack Gainsforth, Jean-Paul Gallien, Philippe Gillet, Patrick G. Grant, Giles A. Graham, Simon F. Green, Faustine Grossemy, Philipp R. Heck, Gregory F. Herzog, Peter Hoppe, Friedrich Hörz, Joachim Huth, Konstantin Ignatyev, Hope A. Ishii, Koen Janssens, David Joswiak, Anton T. Kearsley, Hicham Khodja, Antonio Lanzirotti, Jan Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Katharina Luening, Glenn J. MacPherson, Kuljeet K. Marhas, Matthew A. Marcus, Graciela Matrajt, Tomoki Nakamura, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Tsukasa Nakano, Matthew Newville, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Piero Pianetta, William Rao, Christian Riekel, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, Detlef Rost, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Julie Sheffield-Parker, Alexandre Simionovici, Ilona Sitnitsky, Christopher J. Snead, Frank J. Stadermann, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda M. Stroud, Jean Susini, Yoshio Suzuki, Stephen R. Sutton, Susan Taylor, Nick Teslich, D. Troadec, Peter Tsou, Akira Tsuchiyama, Kentaro Uesugi, Bart Vekemans, Edward P. Vicenzi, Laszlo Vincze, Andrew J. Westphal, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ernst Zinner, and Michael E. Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1731.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1136141] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Michael E. Zolensky, Thomas J. Zega, Hajime Yano, Sue Wirick, Andrew J. Westphal, Mike K. Weisberg, Iris Weber, Jack L. Warren, Michael A. Velbel, Akira Tsuchiyama, Peter Tsou, Alice Toppani, Naotaka Tomioka, Kazushige Tomeoka, Nick Teslich, Mitra Taheri, Jean Susini, Rhonda Stroud, Thomas Stephan, Frank J. Stadermann, Christopher J. Snead, Steven B. Simon, Alexandre Simionovici, Thomas H. See, François Robert, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, William Rao, Murielle C. Perronnet, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Kyoko Okudaira, Kazumasa Ohsumi, Ichiro Ohnishi, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Tomoki Nakamura, Smail Mostefaoui, Takashi Mikouchi, Anders Meibom, Graciela Matrajt, Matthew A. Marcus, Hugues Leroux, Laurence Lemelle, Loan Le, Antonio Lanzirotti, Falko Langenhorst, Alexander N. Krot, Lindsay P. Keller, Anton T. Kearsley, David Joswiak, Damien Jacob, Hope Ishii, Ralph Harvey, Kenji Hagiya, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Grossman, Giles A. Graham, Matthieu Gounelle, Philippe Gillet, Matthew J. Genge, George Flynn, Tristan Ferroir, Stewart Fallon, Denton S. Ebel, Zu Rong Dai, Patrick Cordier, Benton Clark, Miaofang Chi, Anna L. Butterworth, Donald E. Brownlee, John C. Bridges, Sean Brennan, Adrian Brearley, John P. Bradley, Pierre Bleuet, Phil A. Bland, and Ron Bastien (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1735.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135842] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
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