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Science 1 July 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5731, pp. 134 - 137
DOI: 10.1126/science.1110439
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Reports

Genome Sequence of Theileria parva, a Bovine Pathogen That Transforms Lymphocytes

Malcolm J. Gardner,1* Richard Bishop,2 Trushar Shah,2 Etienne P. de Villiers,2 Jane M. Carlton,1 Neil Hall,1 Qinghu Ren,1 Ian T. Paulsen,1 Arnab Pain,3 Matthew Berriman,3 Robert J. M. Wilson,4 Shigeharu Sato,4 Stuart A. Ralph,5 David J. Mann,6 Zikai Xiong,3 Shamira J. Shallom,1 Janice Weidman,1 Lingxia Jiang,1 Jeffery Lynn,1 Bruce Weaver,1 Azadeh Shoaibi,1 Alexander R. Domingo,1 Delia Wasawo,2 Jonathan Crabtree,1 Jennifer R. Wortman,1 Brian Haas,1 Samuel V. Angiuoli,1 Todd H. Creasy,1 Charles Lu,1{dagger} Bernard Suh,1{ddagger} Joana C. Silva,1 Teresa R. Utterback,1 Tamara V. Feldblyum,1 Mihaela Pertea,1 Jonathan Allen,1 William C. Nierman,1 Evans L. N. Taracha,2 Steven L. Salzberg,1 Owen R. White,1 Henry A. Fitzhugh,2§ Subhash Morzaria,2|| J. Craig Venter,7 Claire M. Fraser,1 Vishvanath Nene1

We report the genome sequence of Theileria parva, an apicomplexan pathogen causing economic losses to smallholder farmers in Africa. The parasite chromosomes exhibit limited conservation of gene synteny with Plasmodium falciparum, and its plastid-like genome represents the first example where all apicoplast genes are encoded on one DNA strand. We tentatively identify proteins that facilitate parasite segregation during host cell cytokinesis and contribute to persistent infection of transformed host cells. Several biosynthetic pathways are incomplete or absent, suggesting substantial metabolic dependence on the host cell. One protein family that may generate parasite antigenic diversity is not telomere-associated.

1 Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 International Livestock Research Institute, Post Office Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
3 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
4 National Institute for Medical Research, Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
5 Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
6 Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
7 Venter Institute, 9708 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.

{dagger} Present address: Lewis Thomas Lab, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

{ddagger} Present address: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

§ Present address: 3709 Summercrest, Ft. Worth, TX 76109, USA.

|| Present address: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gardner{at}tigr.org

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