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Science 13 May 2005:
Vol. 308. no. 5724, pp. 1034 - 1036
DOI: 10.1126/science.1109792
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Reports

Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Vincent Macaulay,1* Catherine Hill,2 Alessandro Achilli,3 Chiara Rengo,3 Douglas Clarke,2 William Meehan,2 James Blackburn,2 Ornella Semino,3 Rosaria Scozzari,4 Fulvio Cruciani,4 Adi Taha,5 Norazila Kassim Shaari,6 Joseph Maripa Raja,6 Patimah Ismail,6 Zafarina Zainuddin,7 William Goodwin,8 David Bulbeck,9 Hans-Jürgen Bandelt,10 Stephen Oppenheimer,11 Antonio Torroni,3 Martin Richards12*

A recent dispersal of modern humans out of Africa is now widely accepted, but the routes taken across Eurasia are still disputed. We show that mitochondrial DNA variation in isolated "relict" populations in southeast Asia supports the view that there was only a single dispersal from Africa, most likely via a southern coastal route, through India and onward into southeast Asia and Australasia. There was an early offshoot, leading ultimately to the settlement of the Near East and Europe, but the main dispersal from India to Australia ~65,000 years ago was rapid, most likely taking only a few thousand years.

1 Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
2 Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
3 Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
4 Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università "La Sapienza," 00185 Roma, Italy.
5 National Museum of Kuala Lumpur, 50566 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
6 Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
7 Department of Forensic Medicine and Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
8 Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
9 School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
10 Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
11 Department of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
12 Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vincent{at}stats.gla.ac.uk; m.b.richards{at}leeds.ac.uk

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