Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 18 July 2003:
Vol. 301. no. 5631, pp. 386 - 389
DOI: 10.1126/science.1083968

Reports

Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene

Avshalom Caspi,1,2 Karen Sugden,1 Terrie E. Moffitt,1,2* Alan Taylor,1 Ian W. Craig,1 HonaLee Harrington,2 Joseph McClay,1 Jonathan Mill,1 Judy Martin,3 Antony Braithwaite,4 Richie Poulton3

In a prospective-longitudinal study of a representative birth cohort, we tested why stressful experiences lead to depression in some people but not in others. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HT T) gene was found to moderate the influence of stressful life events on depression. Individuals with one or two copies of the short allele of the 5-HT T promoter polymorphism exhibited more depressive symptoms, diagnosable depression, and suicidality in relation to stressful life events than individuals homozygous for the long allele. This epidemiological study thus provides evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.

1 Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO80 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. 2 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 3 Dunedin School of Medicine, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: t.moffitt{at}iop.kcl.ac.uk

Read the Full Text



THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Human neuronal acetylcholine receptor A5-A3-B4 haplotypes are associated with multiple nicotine dependence phenotypes.
T. B. Baker, R. B. Weiss, D. Bolt, A. von Niederhausern, M. C. Fiore, D. M. Dunn, M. E. Piper, N. Matsunami, S. S. Smith, H. Coon, et al. (2009)
Nicotine Tob Res 11, 785-796
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin transporter genotype, morning cortisol and subsequent depression in adolescents.
I. M. Goodyer, A. Bacon, M. Ban, T. Croudace, and J. Herbert (2009)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 195, 39-45
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin shapes risky decision making in monkeys.
A. B. Long, C. M. Kuhn, and M. L. Platt (2009)
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction Between the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR), Stressful Life Events, and Risk of Depression: A Meta-analysis.
N. Risch, R. Herrell, T. Lehner, K.-Y. Liang, L. Eaves, J. Hoh, A. Griem, M. Kovacs, J. Ott, and K. R. Merikangas (2009)
JAMA 301, 2462-2471
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuroscience, Molecular Biology, and the Childhood Roots of Health Disparities: Building a New Framework for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.
J. P. Shonkoff, W. T. Boyce, and B. S. McEwen (2009)
JAMA 301, 2252-2259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Environmental Adversity and Increasing Genetic Risk for Externalizing Disorders.
B. M. Hicks, S. C. South, A. C. DiRago, W. G. Iacono, and M. McGue (2009)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66, 640-648
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of GABRA2 in Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Across Development and Evidence of Moderation by Parental Monitoring.
D. M. Dick, S. J. Latendresse, J. E. Lansford, J. P. Budde, A. Goate, K. A. Dodge, G. S. Pettit, and J. E. Bates (2009)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66, 649-657
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depression and Suicide in Children and Adolescents.
L. M. Prager (2009)
Pediatr. Rev. 30, 199-206
   Full Text »    PDF »
Looking on the bright side: biased attention and the human serotonin transporter gene.
E. Fox, A. Ridgewell, and C. Ashwin (2009)
Proc R Soc B 276, 1747-1751
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Frontal-Limbic White Matter Pathway Associations with the Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Region (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphism.
J. Pacheco, C. G. Beevers, C. Benavides, J. McGeary, E. Stice, and D. M. Schnyer (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 6229-6233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Genetically Mediated Bias in Decision Making Driven by Failure of Amygdala Control.
J. P. Roiser, B. de Martino, G. C. Y. Tan, D. Kumaran, B. Seymour, N. W. Wood, and R. J. Dolan (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 5985-5991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Social Ecology, Genomics, and African American Health: A Nonlinear Dynamical Perspective.
S. Madhere, J. Harrell, and C. D. M. Royal (2009)
Journal of Black Psychology 35, 154-179
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genetic architecture of quantitative traits in mice, flies, and humans.
J. Flint and T. F.C. Mackay (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 723-733
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Antecedents of Schizophrenia: A Review of Birth Cohort Studies.
J. Welham, M. Isohanni, P. Jones, and J. McGrath (2009)
Schizophr Bull 35, 603-623
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Issues concerning feedback about genetic testing and risk of depression.
K. Wilhelm, B. Meiser, P. B. Mitchell, A. W. Finch, J. E. Siegel, G. Parker, and P. R. Schofield (2009)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 194, 404-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cortical thinning in persons at increased familial risk for major depression.
B. S. Peterson, V. Warner, R. Bansal, H. Zhu, X. Hao, J. Liu, K. Durkin, P. B. Adams, P. Wickramaratne, and M. M. Weissman (2009)
PNAS 106, 6273-6278
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review.
C. B. Nemeroff, J. D. Bremner, E. B. Foa, H. S. Mayberg, C. S. North, and M. B. Stein (2009)
Focus 7, 254-273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurobiology of Wisdom: A Literature Overview.
T. W. Meeks and D. V. Jeste (2009)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66, 355-365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Treatment of Depression After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
K. E. Freedland, J. A. Skala, R. M. Carney, E. H. Rubin, P. J. Lustman, V. G. Davila-Roman, B. C. Steinmeyer, and C. W. Hogue Jr (2009)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66, 387-396
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Political Science, Biometric Theory, and Twin Studies: A Methodological Introduction.
S. E. Medland and P. K. Hatemi (2009)
Political Analysis 17, 191-214
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modification by Two Genes of Associations Between General Somatic Health and Incident Depressive Syndrome in Older People.
J.-M. Kim, R. Stewart, S.-W. Kim, S.-J. Yang, I.-S. Shin, and J.-S. Yoon (2009)
Psychosom Med 71, 286-291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From a Genetic Predisposition to an Interactive Predisposition: Rethinking the Ethical Implications of Screening for Gene-Environment Interactions.
J. Tabery (2009)
J Med Philos
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurobiological mechanisms in major depressive disorder.
M. aan het Rot PhD, S. J. Mathew MD, and D. S. Charney MD (2009)
Can. Med. Assoc. J. 180, 305-313
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part I: Historical Context, Methods, and Relevant Basic Science.
R. D. Lane, S. R. Waldstein, M. A. Chesney, J. R. Jennings, W. R. Lovallo, P. J. Kozel, R. M. Rose, D. A. Drossman, N. Schneiderman, J. F. Thayer, et al. (2009)
Psychosom Med 71, 117-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced activity of human serotonin transporter variants associated with autism.
H. C Prasad, J. A Steiner, J. S Sutcliffe, and R. D Blakely (2009)
Phil Trans R Soc B 364, 163-173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Psychosocial stress reversibly disrupts prefrontal processing and attentional control.
C. Liston, B. S. McEwen, and B. J. Casey (2009)
PNAS 106, 912-917
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Understanding Placebo Response in Pediatric Depression Trials.
G. J. Emslie (2009)
Am J Psychiatry 166, 1-3
   Full Text »    PDF »
Depression and heart disease: What do we know, and where are we headed?.
L. POZUELO, G. TESAR, J. ZHANG, M. PENN, K. FRANCO, and W. JIANG (2009)
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 76, 59-70
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Influence of Functional Variant of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase on Impulsive Behaviors in Humans.
A. Reif, C. P. Jacob, D. Rujescu, S. Herterich, S. Lang, L. Gutknecht, C. G. Baehne, A. Strobel, C. M. Freitag, I. Giegling, et al. (2009)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66, 41-50
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Consequences of chronic social stress on behaviour and vasopressin gene expression in the PVN of DBA/2OlaHsd mice--influence of treatment with the CRHR1-antagonist R121919/NBI 30775.
A. Erhardt, M. Muller, A. Rodel, T. Welt, F. Ohl, F. Holsboer, and M. Keck (2009)
J Psychopharmacol 23, 31-39
   Abstract »    PDF »
Core Components of Therapy in Youth: Do We Know what to Disseminate?.
V. R. Weersing, M. Rozenman, and A. Gonzalez (2009)
Behav Modif 33, 24-47
   Abstract »    PDF »
Relationship of Genetic Variability and Depressive Symptoms to Adverse Events After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.
B. Phillips-Bute, J. P. Mathew, J. A. Blumenthal, R. W. Morris, M. V. Podgoreanu, M. Smith, M. Stafford-Smith, H. P. Grocott, D. A. Schwinn, M. F. Newman, et al. (2008)
Psychosom Med 70, 953-959
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Suicide and Suicidal Behavior.
M. K. Nock, G. Borges, E. J. Bromet, C. B. Cha, R. C. Kessler, and S. Lee (2008)
Epidemiol. Rev. 30, 133-154
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms With Poststroke Depression.
R. Kohen, K. C. Cain, P. H. Mitchell, K. Becker, A. Buzaitis, S. P. Millard, G. P. Navaja, L. Teri, D. Tirschwell, and R. Veith (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 1296-1302
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia: Review of Epidemiological Findings and Future Directions.
J. van Os, B. P. Rutten, and R. Poulton (2008)
Schizophr Bull 34, 1066-1082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mood changes after delivery: role of the serotonin transporter gene.
J. Sanjuan, R. Martin-Santos, L. Garcia-Esteve, J. M. Carot, R. Guillamat, A. Gutierrez-Zotes, I. Gornemann, F. Canellas, E. Baca-Garcia, M. Jover, et al. (2008)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 193, 383-388
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Resilience and depression: perspectives from primary care.
C. Dowrick, R. Kokanovic, K. Hegarty, F. Griffiths, and J. Gunn (2008)
Health (London) 12, 439-452
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits.
L. Borghans, A. L. Duckworth, J. J. Heckman, and B. t. Weel (2008)
J. Human Resources 43, 972-1059
   Abstract »    PDF »
Depression during menopausal transition: a review of treatment strategies and pathophysiological correlates.
B. N Frey, C. Lord, and C. N Soares (2008)
Menopause Int 14, 123-128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Seasonal Variation in Human Brain Serotonin Transporter Binding.
N. Praschak-Rieder, M. Willeit, A. A. Wilson, S. Houle, and J. H. Meyer (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 1072-1078
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
COMT val158met Genotype Affects Recruitment of Neural Mechanisms Supporting Fluid Intelligence.
S. J. Bishop, J. Fossella, C. J. Croucher, and J. Duncan (2008)
Cereb Cortex 18, 2132-2140
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macrolevel Stressors, Terrorism, and Mental Health Outcomes: Broadening the Stress Paradigm.
J. A. Richman, L. Cloninger, and K. M. Rospenda (2008)
Am J Public Health 98, S113-S119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Evolution of the Cognitive Model of Depression and Its Neurobiological Correlates.
A. T. Beck (2008)
Am J Psychiatry 165, 969-977
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Preliminary Evidence for Sensitive Periods in the Effect of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Regional Brain Development.
S. L. Andersen, A. Tomada, E. S. Vincow, E. Valente, A. Polcari, and M. H. Teicher (2008)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20, 292-301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Bright Light and Melatonin on Cognitive and Noncognitive Function in Elderly Residents of Group Care Facilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
R. F. Riemersma-van der Lek, D. F. Swaab, J. Twisk, E. M. Hol, W. J. G. Hoogendijk, and E. J. W. Van Someren (2008)
JAMA 299, 2642-2655
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Understanding the Agreements and Controversies Surrounding Childhood Psychopharmacology.
E. Parens and J. Johnston (2008)
Focus 6, 322-330
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depressive Disorders.
(2008)
Focus 6, 379-400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Interplay of Genes, Environments, and Psychoanalysis.
S. T. Hauser (2008)
J Am Psychoanal Assoc 56, 509-514
   PDF »
Genetic contributions to sensitive parenting.
S. E. Taylor (2008)
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 3, 89-90
   Full Text »    PDF »
Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genes associated with observed parenting.
M. J. Bakermans-Kranenburg and M. H. van IJzendoorn (2008)
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 3, 128-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Explanatory Models for Psychiatric Illness.
K. S. Kendler (2008)
Am J Psychiatry 165, 695-702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fostering Foster Care Outcomes: Quality of Intervention Matters in Overcoming Early Adversity.
C. B. Nemeroff (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 623-624
   Full Text »    PDF »
Phenotypic Plasticity and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Olfactory Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.
D. Sambandan, M. A. Carbone, R. R. H. Anholt, and T. F. C. Mackay (2008)
Genetics 179, 1079-1088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Autonomy, stress, and treatment of depression.
P. Biegler (2008)
BMJ 336, 1046-1048
   Full Text »    PDF »
Population-Based Study of First Onset and Chronicity in Major Depressive Disorder.
W. W. Eaton, H. Shao, G. Nestadt, B. H. Lee, O. J. Bienvenu, and P. Zandi (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 513-520
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lasting Syndrome of Depression Produced by Reduction in Serotonin Uptake during Postnatal Development: Evidence from Sleep, Stress, and Behavior.
D. Popa, C. Lena, C. Alexandre, and J. Adrien (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 3546-3554
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Major depression, 5HTTLPR genotype, suicide and antidepressant influences on thalamic volume.
K. A. Young, W. L. Bonkale, L. A. Holcomb, P. B. Hicks, and D. C. German (2008)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 192, 285-289
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene-Environment Interactions, Not Neonatal Growth Hormone Deficiency, Time Puberty in Female Rhesus Monkeys.
M. E. Wilson and B. Kinkead (2008)
Biol Reprod 78, 736-743
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse With Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults.
E. B. Binder, R. G. Bradley, W. Liu, M. P. Epstein, T. C. Deveau, K. B. Mercer, Y. Tang, C. F. Gillespie, C. M. Heim, C. B. Nemeroff, et al. (2008)
JAMA 299, 1291-1305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetics: what is it and why is it important to mental disease?.
A. R. Isles and L. S. Wilkinson (2008)
Br. Med. Bull. 85, 35-45
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuroendocrine-Immune Mechanisms of Behavioral Comorbidities in Patients With Cancer.
A. H. Miller, S. Ancoli-Israel, J. E. Bower, L. Capuron, and M. R. Irwin (2008)
J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 971-982
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hippocampal Morphology and Distinguishing Late-Onset From Early-Onset Elderly Depression.
M. Ballmaier, K. L. Narr, A. W. Toga, V. Elderkin-Thompson, P. M. Thompson, L. Hamilton, E. Haroon, D. Pham, A. Heinz, and A. Kumar (2008)
Am J Psychiatry 165, 229-237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macrolevel Stressors, Terrorism, and Mental Health Outcomes: Broadening the Stress Paradigm.
J. A. Richman, L. Cloninger, and K. M. Rospenda (2008)
Am J Public Health 98, 323-329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Influence of Child Abuse on Adult Depression: Moderation by the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene.
R. G. Bradley, E. B. Binder, M. P. Epstein, Y. Tang, H. P. Nair, W. Liu, C. F. Gillespie, T. Berg, M. Evces, D. J. Newport, et al. (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 190-200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Variations in Heritability of Cortisol Reactivity to Stress as a Function of Early Familial Adversity Among 19-Month-Old Twins.
I. Ouellet-Morin, M. Boivin, G. Dionne, S. J. Lupien, L. Arsenault, R. G. Barr, D. Perusse, and R. E. Tremblay (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 211-218
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Major Depressive Disorder.
R.H. Belmaker and G. Agam (2008)
N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 55-68
   Full Text »    PDF »
Recent Findings in the Pathophysiology of Depression.
C. B. Nemeroff (2008)
Focus 6, 3-14
   Full Text »    PDF »
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression.
H. S. Mayberg, A. M. Lozano, V. Voon, H. E. McNeely, D. Seminowicz, C. Hamani, J. M. Schwalb, and S. H. Kennedy (2008)
Focus 6, 143-154
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens Activation to Emotional Facial Expressions in Children and Adolescents at Risk for Major Depression.
C. S. Monk, R. G. Klein, E. H. Telzer, E. A. Schroth, S. Mannuzza, J. L. Moulton III, M. Guardino, C. L. Masten, E. B. McClure-Tone, S. Fromm, et al. (2008)
Am J Psychiatry 165, 90-98
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Family-Based Association Study of Lithium-Related and Other Candidate Genes in Bipolar Disorder.
R. H. Perlis, S. Purcell, J. Fagerness, A. Kirby, T. L. Petryshen, J. Fan, and P. Sklar (2008)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 53-61
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism Enhance Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress.
R. B. Williams, D. A. Marchuk, I. C. Siegler, J. C. Barefoot, M. J. Helms, B. H. Brummett, R. S. Surwit, J. D. Lane, C. M. Kuhn, K. M. Gadde, et al. (2008)
Psychosom Med 70, 32-39
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biology is psychiatry's new dawn.
J. W. Hill (2008)
The British Journal of Psychiatry 192, 70-71
   Full Text »    PDF »
Differential effects of tryptophan depletion on emotion processing according to face direction.
J. H. G. Williams, D. I. Perrett, G. D. Waiter, and S. Pechey (2007)
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2, 264-273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alcohol Consumption and Posttraumatic Stress After Exposure to Terrorism: Effects of Proximity, Loss, and Psychiatric History.
D. S. Hasin, K. M. Keyes, M. L. Hatzenbuehler, E. A. Aharonovich, and D. Alderson (2007)
Am J Public Health 97, 2268-2275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism.
A. Caspi, B. Williams, J. Kim-Cohen, I. W. Craig, B. J. Milne, R. Poulton, L. C. Schalkwyk, A. Taylor, H. Werts, and T. E. Moffitt (2007)
PNAS 104, 18860-18865
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depressive Symptoms in Adults Separated from Their Parents as Children: A Natural Experiment during World War II.
A.-K. Pesonen, K. Raikkonen, K. Heinonen, E. Kajantie, T. Forsen, and J. G. Eriksson (2007)
Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 1126-1133
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Configurations of Political Phenomena: New Theories, New Methods.
I. H. Carmen (2007)
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 614, 34-55
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Social Support and Moderation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Hurricane-Exposed Adults.
D. G. Kilpatrick, K. C. Koenen, K. J. Ruggiero, R. Acierno, S. Galea, H. S. Resnick, J. Roitzsch, J. Boyle, and J. Gelernter (2007)
Am J Psychiatry 164, 1693-1699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Relationship of SERT Polymorphisms to Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
M. E. Jarrett, R. Kohen, K. C. Cain, R. L. Burr, A. Poppe, G. P. Navaja, and M. M. Heitkemper (2007)
Biol Res Nurs 9, 161-169
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genes and Environment in Suicidality.
E. S. Gershon (2007)
Am J Psychiatry 164, 1460-1461
   Full Text »    PDF »
13-cis-Retinoic Acid Alters Intracellular Serotonin, Increases 5-HT1A Receptor, and Serotonin Reuptake Transporter Levels In Vitro.
K. C. O'Reilly, S. Trent, S. J. Bailey, and M. A. Lane (2007)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 232, 1195-1203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Anxiety Reactivity in Daily Life: A Daily Process Approach to Gene-Environment Interaction.
K. C. Gunthert, T. S. Conner, S. Armeli, H. Tennen, J. Covault, and H. R. Kranzler (2007)
Psychosom Med 69, 762-768
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
History of childhood maltreatment is associated with comorbid depression in women with migraine.
G. E. Tietjen, J. L. Brandes, K. B. Digre, S. Baggaley, V. T. Martin, A. Recober, L. O. Geweke, F. Hafeez, S. K. Aurora, N. A. Herial, et al. (2007)
Neurology 69, 959-968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of a Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) With Depression, Perceived Stress, and Norepinephrine in Patients With Coronary Disease: The Heart and Soul Study.
C. Otte, J. McCaffery, S. Ali, and M. A. Whooley (2007)
Am J Psychiatry 164, 1379-1384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Designing Multidisciplinary Longitudinal Studies of Human Development: Analyzing Past Research to Inform Methodology.
B. Shulruf, S. Morton, F. Goodyear-Smith, C. O'Loughlin, and R. Dixon (2007)
Eval Health Prof 30, 207-228
   Abstract »    PDF »
Sleep Quality Varies as a Function of 5-HTTLPR Genotype and Stress.
B. H. Brummett, A. D. Krystal, A. Ashley-Koch, C. M. Kuhn, S. Zuchner, I. C. Siegler, J. C. Barefoot, E. L. Ballard, L. P. Gwyther, and R. B. Williams (2007)
Psychosom Med 69, 621-624
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Long and the Short of It: Associations Between 5-HTT Genotypes and Coping With Stress.
K. Wilhelm, J. E. Siegel, A. W. Finch, D. Hadzi-Pavlovic, P. B. Mitchell, G. Parker, and P. R. Schofield (2007)
Psychosom Med 69, 614-620
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)