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Science 7 September 2001:
Vol. 293. no. 5536, pp. 1840 - 1842
DOI: 10.1126/science.1062882
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Reports

Molecular Basis for High Virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 Influenza A Viruses

Masato Hatta,1 Peng Gao,1 Peter Halfmann,1 Yoshihiro Kawaoka12*

In 1997, an H5N1 influenza A virus was transmitted from birds to humans in Hong Kong, killing 6 of the 18 people infected. When mice were infected with the human isolates, two virulence groups became apparent. Using reverse genetics, we showed that a mutation at position 627 in the PB2 protein influenced the outcome of infection in mice. Moreover, high cleavability of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein was an essential requirement for lethal infection.

1 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kawaokay{at}svm.vetmed.wisc.edu

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Avian Influenza (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in Asia in 2004 Exhibit Increased Virulence in Mammals.
T. R. Maines, X. H. Lu, S. M. Erb, L. Edwards, J. Guarner, P. W. Greer, D. C. Nguyen, K. J. Szretter, L.-M. Chen, P. Thawatsupha, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 11788-11800
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Molecular Basis of Replication of Duck H5N1 Influenza Viruses in a Mammalian Mouse Model.
Z. Li, H. Chen, P. Jiao, G. Deng, G. Tian, Y. Li, E. Hoffmann, R. G. Webster, Y. Matsuoka, and K. Yu (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 12058-12064
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H5N2 Avian Influenza Outbreak in Texas in 2004: the First Highly Pathogenic Strain in the United States in 20 Years?.
C.-W. Lee, D. E. Swayne, J. A. Linares, D. A. Senne, and D. L. Suarez (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 11412-11421
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Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Migratory Birds.
J. Liu, H. Xiao, F. Lei, Q. Zhu, K. Qin, X.-w. Zhang, X.-l. Zhang, D. Zhao, G. Wang, Y. Feng, et al. (2005)
Science 309, 1206
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Characterization of a Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Isolated in 2003.
K. Shinya, M. Hatta, S. Yamada, A. Takada, S. Watanabe, P. Halfmann, T. Horimoto, G. Neumann, J. H. Kim, W. Lim, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 9926-9932
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In Vitro Assembly of PB2 with a PB1-PA Dimer Supports a New Model of Assembly of Influenza A Virus Polymerase Subunits into a Functional Trimeric Complex.
T. Deng, J. Sharps, E. Fodor, and G. G. Brownlee (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 8669-8674
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Characterization of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses Isolated from South Korea.
C.-W. Lee, D. L. Suarez, T. M. Tumpey, H.-W. Sung, Y.-K. Kwon, Y.-J. Lee, J.-G. Choi, S.-J. Joh, M.-C. Kim, E.-K. Lee, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3692-3702
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Lethality to Ferrets of H5N1 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Humans and Poultry in 2004.
E. A. Govorkova, J. E. Rehg, S. Krauss, H.-L. Yen, Y. Guan, M. Peiris, T. D. Nguyen, T. H. Hanh, P. Puthavathana, H. T. Long, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 2191-2198
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Molecular characterization of the complete genome of human influenza H5N1 virus isolates from Thailand.
P. Puthavathana, P. Auewarakul, P. C. Charoenying, K. Sangsiriwut, P. Pooruk, K. Boonnak, R. Khanyok, P. Thawachsupa, R. Kijphati, and P. Sawanpanyalert (2005)
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 423-433
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Identification of viral genomic elements responsible for rabies virus neuroinvasiveness.
M. Faber, R. Pulmanausahakul, K. Nagao, M. Prosniak, A. B. Rice, H. Koprowski, M. J. Schnell, and B. Dietzschold (2004)
PNAS 101, 16328-16332
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Influenza: Emergence and Control.
A. S. Lipatov, E. A. Govorkova, R. J. Webby, H. Ozaki, M. Peiris, Y. Guan, L. Poon, and R. G. Webster (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 8951-8959
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Global Host Immune Response: Pathogenesis and Transcriptional Profiling of Type A Influenza Viruses Expressing the Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes from the 1918 Pandemic Virus.
J. C. Kash, C. F. Basler, A. Garcia-Sastre, V. Carter, R. Billharz, D. E. Swayne, R. M. Przygodzki, J. K. Taubenberger, M. G. Katze, and T. M. Tumpey (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 9499-9511
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Continuing Evolution of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Southeastern China.
Y. K. Choi, H. Ozaki, R. J. Webby, R. G. Webster, J. S. Peiris, L. Poon, C. Butt, Y. H. C. Leung, and Y. Guan (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 8609-8614
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The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China.
H. Chen, G. Deng, Z. Li, G. Tian, Y. Li, P. Jiao, L. Zhang, Z. Liu, R. G. Webster, and K. Yu (2004)
PNAS 101, 10452-10457
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Reemerging H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 Are Highly Pathogenic to Ducks.
K. M. Sturm-Ramirez, T. Ellis, B. Bousfield, L. Bissett, K. Dyrting, J. E. Rehg, L. Poon, Y. Guan, M. Peiris, and R. G. Webster (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 4892-4901
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The index influenza A virus subtype H5N1 isolated from a human in 1997 differs in its receptor-binding properties from a virulent avian influenza virus.
K. Iwatsuki-Horimoto, R. Kanazawa, S. Sugii, Y. Kawaoka, and T. Horimoto (2004)
J. Gen. Virol. 85, 1001-1005
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Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus.
T. M. Tumpey, A. Garcia-Sastre, J. K. Taubenberger, P. Palese, D. E. Swayne, and C. F. Basler (2004)
PNAS 101, 3166-3171
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Avian influenza A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
R. A. M. Fouchier, P. M. Schneeberger, F. W. Rozendaal, J. M. Broekman, S. A. G. Kemink, V. Munster, T. Kuiken, G. F. Rimmelzwaan, M. Schutten, G. J. J. van Doornum, et al. (2004)
PNAS 101, 1356-1361
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Pandemic risks from bird flu.
W. S Barclay and M. Zambon (2004)
BMJ 328, 238-239
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Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Assay for Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
J. J. McSharry, A. C. McDonough, B. A. Olson, and G. L. Drusano (2004)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 11, 21-28
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Restrictions to the Adaptation of Influenza A Virus H5 Hemagglutinin to the Human Host.
R. Harvey, A. C. R. Martin, M. Zambon, and W. S. Barclay (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 502-507
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Are We Ready for Pandemic Influenza?.
R. J. Webby and R. G. Webster (2003)
Science 302, 1519-1522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selection-Driven Evolution of Emergent Dengue Virus.
S. N. Bennett, E. C. Holmes, M. Chirivella, D. M. Rodriguez, M. Beltran, V. Vorndam, D. J. Gubler, and W. O. McMillan (2003)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 1650-1658
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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