Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 24 March 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5461, pp. 2185 - 2195
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5461.2185
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Review

The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster

Mark D. Adams, 1* Susan E. Celniker, 2 Robert A. Holt, 1 Cheryl A. Evans, 1 Jeannine D. Gocayne, 1 Peter G. Amanatides, 1 Steven E. Scherer, 3 Peter W. Li, 1 Roger A. Hoskins, 2 Richard F. Galle, 2 Reed A. George, 2 Suzanna E. Lewis, 4 Stephen Richards, 2 Michael Ashburner, 5 Scott N. Henderson, 1 Granger G. Sutton, 1 Jennifer R. Wortman, 1 Mark D. Yandell, 1 Qing Zhang, 1 Lin X. Chen, 1 Rhonda C. Brandon, 1 Yu-Hui C. Rogers, 1 Robert G. Blazej, 2 Mark Champe, 2 Barret D. Pfeiffer, 2 Kenneth H. Wan, 2 Clare Doyle, 2 Evan G. Baxter, 2 Gregg Helt, 6 Catherine R. Nelson, 4 George L. Gabor Miklos, 7 Josep F. Abril, 8 Anna Agbayani, 2 Hui-Jin An, 1 Cynthia Andrews-Pfannkoch, 1 Danita Baldwin, 1 Richard M. Ballew, 1 Anand Basu, 1 James Baxendale, 1 Leyla Bayraktaroglu, 9 Ellen M. Beasley, 1 Karen Y. Beeson, 1 P. V. Benos, 10 Benjamin P. Berman, 2 Deepali Bhandari, 1 Slava Bolshakov, 11 Dana Borkova, 12 Michael R. Botchan, 13 John Bouck, 3 Peter Brokstein, 4 Phillipe Brottier, 14 Kenneth C. Burtis, 15 Dana A. Busam, 1 Heather Butler, 16 Edouard Cadieu, 17 Angela Center, 1 Ishwar Chandra, 1 J. Michael Cherry, 18 Simon Cawley, 19 Carl Dahlke, 1 Lionel B. Davenport, 1 Peter Davies, 1 Beatriz de Pablos, 20 Arthur Delcher, 1 Zuoming Deng, 1 Anne Deslattes Mays, 1 Ian Dew, 1 Suzanne M. Dietz, 1 Kristina Dodson, 1 Lisa E. Doup, 1 Michael Downes, 21 Shannon Dugan-Rocha, 3 Boris C. Dunkov, 22 Patrick Dunn, 1 Kenneth J. Durbin, 3 Carlos C. Evangelista, 1 Concepcion Ferraz, 23 Steven Ferriera, 1 Wolfgang Fleischmann, 5 Carl Fosler, 1 Andrei E. Gabrielian, 1 Neha S. Garg, 1 William M. Gelbart, 9 Ken Glasser, 1 Anna Glodek, 1 Fangcheng Gong, 1 J. Harley Gorrell, 3 Zhiping Gu, 1 Ping Guan, 1 Michael Harris, 1 Nomi L. Harris, 2 Damon Harvey, 4 Thomas J. Heiman, 1 Judith R. Hernandez, 3 Jarrett Houck, 1 Damon Hostin, 1 Kathryn A. Houston, 2 Timothy J. Howland, 1 Ming-Hui Wei, 1 Chinyere Ibegwam, 1 Mena Jalali, 1 Francis Kalush, 1 Gary H. Karpen, 21 Zhaoxi Ke, 1 James A. Kennison, 24 Karen A. Ketchum, 1 Bruce E. Kimmel, 2 Chinnappa D. Kodira, 1 Cheryl Kraft, 1 Saul Kravitz, 1 David Kulp, 6 Zhongwu Lai, 1 Paul Lasko, 25 Yiding Lei, 1 Alexander A. Levitsky, 1 Jiayin Li, 1 Zhenya Li, 1 Yong Liang, 1 Xiaoying Lin, 26 Xiangjun Liu, 1 Bettina Mattei, 1 Tina C. McIntosh, 1 Michael P. McLeod, 3 Duncan McPherson, 1 Gennady Merkulov, 1 Natalia V. Milshina, 1 Clark Mobarry, 1 Joe Morris, 6 Ali Moshrefi, 2 Stephen M. Mount, 27 Mee Moy, 1 Brian Murphy, 1 Lee Murphy, 28 Donna M. Muzny, 3 David L. Nelson, 3 David R. Nelson, 29 Keith A. Nelson, 1 Katherine Nixon, 2 Deborah R. Nusskern, 1 Joanne M. Pacleb, 2 Michael Palazzolo, 2 Gjange S. Pittman, 1 Sue Pan, 1 John Pollard, 1 Vinita Puri, 1 Martin G. Reese, 4 Knut Reinert, 1 Karin Remington, 1 Robert D. C. Saunders, 30 Frederick Scheeler, 1 Hua Shen, 3 Bixiang Christopher Shue, 1 Inga Sidén-Kiamos, 11 Michael Simpson, 1 Marian P. Skupski, 1 Tom Smith, 1 Eugene Spier, 1 Allan C. Spradling, 31 Mark Stapleton, 2 Renee Strong, 1 Eric Sun, 1 Robert Svirskas, 32 Cyndee Tector, 1 Russell Turner, 1 Eli Venter, 1 Aihui H. Wang, 1 Xin Wang, 1 Zhen-Yuan Wang, 1 David A. Wassarman, 33 George M. Weinstock, 3 Jean Weissenbach, 14 Sherita M. Williams, 1 Trevor Woodage, 1 Kim C. Worley, 3 David Wu, 1 Song Yang, 2 Q. Alison Yao, 1 Jane Ye, 1 Ru-Fang Yeh, 19 Jayshree S. Zaveri, 1 Ming Zhan, 1 Guangren Zhang, 1 Qi Zhao, 1 Liansheng Zheng, 1 Xiangqun H. Zheng, 1 Fei N. Zhong, 1 Wenyan Zhong, 1 Xiaojun Zhou, 3 Shiaoping Zhu, 1 Xiaohong Zhu, 1 Hamilton O. Smith, 1 Richard A. Gibbs, 3 Eugene W. Myers, 1 Gerald M. Rubin, 34 J. Craig Venter 1

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the ~120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes ~13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

1 Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
3 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
4 BDGP, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
5 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
6 Neomorphic Inc., 2612 Eighth Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
7 GenetixXpress Pty. Ltd., 78 Pacific Road, Palm Beach, Sydney, NSW 2108, Australia.
8 Department of Medical Informatics, IMIM-UPF C/Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
9 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
10 Department of Genetics, Box 8232, Washington University Medical School, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
11 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Forth, Heraklion, Greece.
12 European Drosophila Genome Project (EDGP), EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.
13 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
14 Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France.
15 Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
16 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
17 EDGP, Rennes University Medical School, UPR 41 CNRS Recombinaisons Genetiques, Faculte de Medicine, 2 av. du Pr. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
18 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
19 Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
20 EDGP, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
21 MBVL, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
22 Department of Biochemistry and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
23 EDGP, Montpellier University Medical School, Institut de Genetique Humaine, CNRS (CRBM), 114 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
24 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
25 Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
26 The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
27 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
28 EDGP, Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
29 Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
30 EDGP, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK, and Department of Biological Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
31 HHMI/Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
32 Motorola BioChip Systems, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA.
33 Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
34 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BDGP, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Apollo: a community resource for genome annotation editing.
L. Ed, H. Nomi, G. Mark, C. Raymond, and L. Suzanna (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1836-1837
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intelligently deciphering unintelligible designs: algorithmic algebraic model checking in systems biology.
B. Mishra (2009)
J R Soc Interface 6, 575-597
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From disease ontology to disease-ontology lite: statistical methods to adapt a general-purpose ontology for the test of gene-ontology associations.
P. Du, G. Feng, J. Flatow, J. Song, M. Holko, W. A. Kibbe, and S. M. Lin (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, i63-i68
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Voltage coupling of primary H+ V-ATPases to secondary Na+- or K+-dependent transporters.
W. R. Harvey (2009)
J. Exp. Biol. 212, 1620-1629
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nested Genes CDA12 and CDA13 Encode Proteins Associated with Membrane Trafficking in the Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.
E. Zweifel, J. Smith, D. Romero, T. H. Giddings Jr., M. Winey, J. Honts, J. Dahlseid, B. Schneider, and E. S. Cole (2009)
Eukaryot. Cell 8, 899-912
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantifying Interactions Within the NADP(H) Enzyme Network in Drosophila melanogaster.
T. J. S. Merritt, C. Kuczynski, E. Sezgin, C.-T. Zhu, S. Kumagai, and W. F. Eanes (2009)
Genetics 182, 565-574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Evolution of the Drosophila Retinome: Exceptional Gene Gain in the Higher Diptera.
R. Bao and M. Friedrich (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 1273-1287
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of alternative splicing by long-range RNA structures in Drosophila.
V. A. Raker, A. A. Mironov, M. S. Gelfand, and D. D. Pervouchine (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Detection of intergenic non-coding RNAs expressed in the main developmental stages in Drosophila melanogaster.
Z. Li, M. Liu, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, G. Gao, Z. Zhu, L. Wei, Q. Fan, and M. Long (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Determinants and Evolutionary Dynamics of Wobble Splicing.
J. Lv, Y. Yang, H. Yin, F. Chu, H. Wang, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Jin (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 1081-1092
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes.
H. Chung, T. Sztal, S. Pasricha, M. Sridhar, P. Batterham, and P. J. Daborn (2009)
PNAS 106, 5731-5736
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Next-generation DNA sequencing of paired-end tags (PET) for transcriptome and genome analyses.
M. J. Fullwood, C.-L. Wei, E. T. Liu, and Y. Ruan (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 521-532
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
EnsemblCompara GeneTrees: Complete, duplication-aware phylogenetic trees in vertebrates.
A. J. Vilella, J. Severin, A. Ureta-Vidal, L. Heng, R. Durbin, and E. Birney (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 327-335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network-level molecular evolutionary analysis of the insulin/TOR signal transduction pathway across 12 Drosophila genomes.
D. Alvarez-Ponce, M. Aguade, and J. Rozas (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 234-242
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HorkaD, a Chromosome Instability-Causing Mutation in Drosophila, Is a Dominant-Negative Allele of lodestar.
T. Szalontai, I. Gaspar, I. Belecz, I. Kerekes, M. Erdelyi, I. Boros, and J. Szabad (2009)
Genetics 181, 367-377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimating Translational Selection in Eukaryotic Genomes.
M. dos Reis and L. Wernisch (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 451-461
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Assessing the gene space in draft genomes.
G. Parra, K. Bradnam, Z. Ning, T. Keane, and I. Korf (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 289-297
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Formation and Longevity of Chimeric and Duplicate Genes in Drosophila melanogaster.
R. L. Rogers, T. Bedford, and D. L. Hartl (2009)
Genetics 181, 313-322
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FLYSNPdb: a high-density SNP database of Drosophila melanogaster.
D. Chen, J. Berger, M. Fellner, and T. Suzuki (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D567-D570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TGF{beta} signals regulate axonal development through distinct Smad-independent mechanisms.
J. Ng (2008)
Development 135, 4025-4035
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative Genomics and Molecular Dynamics of DNA Repeats in Eukaryotes.
G.-F. Richard, A. Kerrest, and B. Dujon (2008)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72, 686-727
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The RHO1-specific GTPase-activating Protein LRG1 Regulates Polar Tip Growth in Parallel to Ndr Kinase Signaling in Neurospora.
N. Vogt and S. Seiler (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 4554-4569
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prominent Actin Fiber Arrays in Drosophila Tendon Cells Represent Architectural Elements Different from Stress Fibers.
J. Alves-Silva, I. Hahn, O. Huber, M. Mende, A. Reissaus, and A. Prokop (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 4287-4297
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Binding of Auxin to the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter AUX1.
D. J. Carrier, N. T. A. Bakar, R. Swarup, R. Callaghan, R. M. Napier, M. J. Bennett, and I. D. Kerr (2008)
Plant Physiology 148, 529-535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two New Y-Linked Genes in Drosophila melanogaster.
M. D. Vibranovski, L. B. Koerich, and A. B. Carvalho (2008)
Genetics 179, 2325-2327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Locust retinoid X receptors: 9-Cis-retinoic acid in embryos from a primitive insect.
S. M. Nowickyj, J. V. Chithalen, D. Cameron, M. G. Tyshenko, M. Petkovich, G. R. Wyatt, G. Jones, and V. K. Walker (2008)
PNAS 105, 9540-9545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
empty spiracles is required for the development of olfactory projection neuron circuitry in Drosophila.
R. Lichtneckert, L. Nobs, and H. Reichert (2008)
Development 135, 2415-2424
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salicyl Alcohol Oxidase of the Chemical Defense Secretion of Two Chrysomelid Leaf Beetles: MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE GLUCOSE-METHANOL-CHOLINE OXIDOREDUCTASE GENE FAMILY.
C. Michalski, H. Mohagheghi, M. Nimtz, J. Pasteels, and D. Ober (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 19219-19228
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The amphioxus genome illuminates vertebrate origins and cephalochordate biology.
L. Z. Holland, R. Albalat, K. Azumi, E. Benito-Gutierrez, M. J. Blow, M. Bronner-Fraser, F. Brunet, T. Butts, S. Candiani, L. J. Dishaw, et al. (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1100-1111
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DiRE: identifying distant regulatory elements of co-expressed genes.
V. Gotea and I. Ovcharenko (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, W133-W139
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overdispersion of the Molecular Clock Varies Between Yeast, Drosophila and Mammals.
T. Bedford, I. Wapinski, and D. L. Hartl (2008)
Genetics 179, 977-984
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Combining statistical alignment and phylogenetic footprinting to detect regulatory elements.
R. Satija, L. Pachter, and J. Hein (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1236-1242
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in genome evolution.
Y. Ryabov and M. Gribskov (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 2756-2763
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Green Transcription Factors: A Chlamydomonas Overview.
D. M. Riano-Pachon, L. G. G. Correa, R. Trejos-Espinosa, and B. Mueller-Roeber (2008)
Genetics 179, 31-39
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effects of Recombination Rate on the Distribution and Abundance of Transposable Elements.
E. S. Dolgin and B. Charlesworth (2008)
Genetics 178, 2169-2177
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Foldback-like element Galileo belongs to the P superfamily of DNA transposons and is widespread within the Drosophila genus.
M. Marzo, M. Puig, and A. Ruiz (2008)
PNAS 105, 2957-2962
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A threading-based method (FINDSITE) for ligand-binding site prediction and functional annotation.
M. Brylinski and J. Skolnick (2008)
PNAS 105, 129-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polymorphic Y Chromosomes Harbor Cryptic Variation with Manifold Functional Consequences.
B. Lemos, L. O. Araripe, and D. L. Hartl (2008)
Science 319, 91-93
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
African Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans Populations Have Similar Levels of Sequence Variability, Suggesting Comparable Effective Population Sizes.
V. Nolte and C. Schlotterer (2008)
Genetics 178, 405-412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Nuclear Receptor Pseudogenes in Vertebrates: How the Silent Tell Their Stories.
Z. D. Zhang, P. Cayting, G. Weinstock, and M. Gerstein (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 131-143
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila telomeric retrotransposons derived from an ancestral element that was recruited to replace telomerase.
A. Villasante, J. P. Abad, R. Planello, M. Mendez-Lago, S. E. Celniker, and B. de Pablos (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1909-1918
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence variation within the rRNA gene loci of 12 Drosophila species.
D. E. Stage and T. H. Eickbush (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1888-1897
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution, biogenesis, expression, and target predictions of a substantially expanded set of Drosophila microRNAs.
J. G. Ruby, A. Stark, W. K. Johnston, M. Kellis, D. P. Bartel, and E. C. Lai (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1850-1864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accurate gene-tree reconstruction by learning gene- and species-specific substitution rates across multiple complete genomes.
M. D. Rasmussen and M. Kellis (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1932-1942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes.
M. F. Lin, J. W. Carlson, M. A. Crosby, B. B. Matthews, C. Yu, S. Park, K. H. Wan, A. J. Schroeder, L. S. Gramates, S. E. St. Pierre, et al. (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1823-1836
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intron Loss and Gain in Drosophila.
J. Coulombe-Huntington and J. Majewski (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 2842-2850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nucleosomal Core Histones Mediate Dynamic Regulation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Protein Binding to Chromatin and Induction of Its Enzymatic Activity.
A. Pinnola, N. Naumova, M. Shah, and A. V. Tulin (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 32511-32519
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
2x genomes Does depth matter?.
P. Green (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1547-1549
   Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila Genomes by the Baker's Dozen.
M. Ashburner (2007)
Genetics 177, 1263-1268
   Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution in the Fast Lane: Rapidly Evolving Sex-Related Genes in Drosophila.
W. Haerty, S. Jagadeeshan, R. J. Kulathinal, A. Wong, K. Ravi Ram, L. K. Sirot, L. Levesque, C. G. Artieri, M. F. Wolfner, A. Civetta, et al. (2007)
Genetics 177, 1321-1335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Variable Strength of Translational Selection Among 12 Drosophila Species.
A. Heger and C. P. Ponting (2007)
Genetics 177, 1337-1348
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phylogenetic and Genomewide Analyses Suggest a Functional Relationship Between kayak, the Drosophila Fos Homolog, and fig, a Predicted Protein Phosphatase 2C Nested Within a kayak Intron.
S. G. Hudson, M. J. Garrett, J. W. Carlson, G. Micklem, S. E. Celniker, E. S. Goldstein, and S. J. Newfeld (2007)
Genetics 177, 1349-1361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SHARCGS, a fast and highly accurate short-read assembly algorithm for de novo genomic sequencing.
J. C. Dohm, C. Lottaz, T. Borodina, and H. Himmelbauer (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1697-1706
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila mind bomb2 is required for maintaining muscle integrity and survival.
H. T. Nguyen, F. Voza, N. Ezzeddine, and M. Frasch (2007)
J. Cell Biol. 179, 219-227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transgenesis upgrades for Drosophila melanogaster.
K. J. T. Venken and H. J. Bellen (2007)
Development 134, 3571-3584
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Natural Variation of ebony Gene Controlling Thoracic Pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster.
A. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, R. Ueda, and T. Takano-Shimizu (2007)
Genetics 177, 1233-1237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond.
C. A. Hutchison III (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 6227-6237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Seminal influences: Drosophila Acps and the molecular interplay between males and females during reproduction.
K. Ravi Ram and M. F. Wolfner (2007)
Integr. Comp. Biol. 47, 427-445
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of meiotic cohesion and chromosome core morphogenesis during pachytene in Drosophila oocytes.
R. S. Khetani and S. E. Bickel (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 3123-3137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant Splicing of an Alternative Exon in the Drosophila Troponin-T Gene Affects Flight Muscle Development.
U. Nongthomba, M. Ansari, D. Thimmaiya, M. Stark, and J. Sparrow (2007)
Genetics 177, 295-306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution of Gene Sequence in Response to Chromosomal Location.
C. Diaz-Castillo and K. G. Golic (2007)
Genetics 177, 359-374
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
E(var)3-9 of Drosophila melanogaster Encodes a Zinc Finger Protein.
K. S. Weiler (2007)
Genetics 177, 167-178
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Boltzmann probability of RNA structural neighbors and riboswitch detection.
E. Freyhult, V. Moulton, and P. Clote (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2054-2062
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Global Survey of Human T Leukemic Cells by Integrating Proteomics and Transcriptomics Profiling.
L. Wu, S.-I. Hwang, K. Rezaul, L. J. Lu, V. Mayya, M. Gerstein, J. K. Eng, D. H. Lundgren, and D. K. Han (2007)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6, 1343-1353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temporal and spatial transcriptional profiles of aging in Drosophila melanogaster.
M. Zhan, H. Yamaza, Y. Sun, J. Sinclair, H. Li, and S. Zou (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1236-1243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-resolution analysis of Drosophila heterochromatin organization using SuUR Su(var)3-9 double mutants.
E. N. Andreyeva, T. D. Kolesnikova, O. V. Demakova, M. Mendez-Lago, G. V. Pokholkova, E. S. Belyaeva, F. Rossi, P. Dimitri, A. Villasante, and I. F. Zhimulev (2007)
PNAS 104, 12819-12824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single mage gene in the chicken genome encodes CMage, a protein with functional similarities to mammalian type II Mage proteins.
N. Lopez-Sanchez, Z. Gonzalez-Fernandez, M. Niinobe, K. Yoshikawa, and J. M. Frade (2007)
Physiol Genomics 30, 156-171
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental genomics of the most dangerous animal.
M. P. Scott (2007)
PNAS 104, 11865-11866
   Full Text »    PDF »
A comprehensive crop genome research project: the Superhybrid Rice Genome Project in China.
J. Yu, G. Ka-Shu Wong, S. Liu, J. Wang, and H. Yang (2007)
Phil Trans R Soc B 362, 1023-1034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence Finishing and Mapping of Drosophila melanogaster Heterochromatin.
R. A. Hoskins, J. W. Carlson, C. Kennedy, D. Acevedo, M. Evans-Holm, E. Frise, K. H. Wan, S. Park, M. Mendez-Lago, F. Rossi, et al. (2007)
Science 316, 1625-1628
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prominent use of distal 5' transcription start sites and discovery of a large number of additional exons in ENCODE regions.
F. Denoeud, P. Kapranov, C. Ucla, A. Frankish, R. Castelo, J. Drenkow, J. Lagarde, T. Alioto, C. Manzano, J. Chrast, et al. (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 746-759
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Different Wnt signals act through the Frizzled and RYK receptors during Drosophila salivary gland migration.
K. E. Harris and S. K. Beckendorf (2007)
Development 134, 2017-2025
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Joint Estimates of Quantitative Trait Locus Effect and Frequency Using Synthetic Recombinant Populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
S. J. Macdonald and A. D. Long (2007)
Genetics 176, 1261-1281
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exceptionally High Density of NUMTs in the Honeybee Genome.
P. Pamilo, L. Viljakainen, and A. Vihavainen (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1340-1346
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Native Microbial Colonization of Drosophila melanogaster and Its Use as a Model of Enterococcus faecalis Pathogenesis.
C. R. Cox and M. S. Gilmore (2007)
Infect. Immun. 75, 1565-1576
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cloning of the sea urchin mitochondrial RNA polymerase and reconstitution of the transcription termination system.
P. L. Polosa, S. Deceglie, M. Falkenberg, M. Roberti, B. Di Ponzio, M. N. Gadaleta, and P. Cantatore (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 2413-2427
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Misexpression Screen in Drosophila melanogaster Aiming to Reveal Novel Factors Involved in Formation of Body Parts.
N. C. Grieder, I. Charlafti, U. Kloter, H. Jackle, U. Schafer, and W. J. Gehring (2007)
Genetics 175, 1707-1718
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Localization and Characterization of X Chromosome Inversion Breakpoints Separating Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae.
E. T. Cirulli and M. A. F. Noor (2007)
J. Hered. 98, 111-114
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure-based evaluation of in silico predictions of protein protein interactions using Comparative Docking.
S. J. Cockell, B. Oliva, and R. M. Jackson (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 573-581
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exploratory Activity in Drosophila Requires the kurtz Nonvisual Arrestin.
L. Liu, R. L. Davis, and G. Roman (2007)
Genetics 175, 1197-1212
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Genes That Interact With Drosophila liquid facets.
S. H. Eun, K. Lea, E. Overstreet, S. Stevens, J.-H. Lee, and J. A. Fischer (2007)
Genetics 175, 1163-1174
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Background Selection in Single Genes May Explain Patterns of Codon Bias.
L. Loewe and B. Charlesworth (2007)
Genetics 175, 1381-1393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Natural Genetic Variation in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Expression in Male and Female Drosophila melanogaster.
B. Foley, S. F. Chenoweth, S. V. Nuzhdin, and M. W. Blows (2007)
Genetics 175, 1465-1477
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila mojoless, a Retroposed GSK-3, Has Functionally Diverged to Acquire an Essential Role in Male Fertility.
R. Kalamegham, D. Sturgill, E. Siegfried, and B. Oliver (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 732-742
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systems-level analysis and evolution of the phototransduction network in Drosophila.
C. R. Landry, C. I. Castillo-Davis, A. Ogura, J. S. Liu, and D. L. Hartl (2007)
PNAS 104, 3283-3288
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptomic analysis of growth heterosis in larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas).
D. Hedgecock, J.-Z. Lin, S. DeCola, C. D. Haudenschild, E. Meyer, D. T. Manahan, and B. Bowen (2007)
PNAS 104, 2313-2318
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Heterochromatin Gene Models in Drosophila melanogaster.
F. Rossi, R. Moschetti, R. Caizzi, N. Corradini, and P. Dimitri (2007)
Genetics 175, 595-607
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The SU(VAR)3-9/HP1 Complex Differentially Regulates the Compaction State and Degree of Underreplication of X Chromosome Pericentric Heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster.
O. V. Demakova, G. V. Pokholkova, T. D. Kolesnikova, S. A. Demakov, E. N. Andreyeva, E. S. Belyaeva, and I. F. Zhimulev (2007)
Genetics 175, 609-620
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heterogeneity in Regional GC Content and Differential Usage of Codons and Amino Acids in GC-Poor and GC-Rich Regions of the Genome of Apis mellifera.
F. G. Jorgensen, M. H. Schierup, and A. G. Clark (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 611-619
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
miRGen: a database for the study of animal microRNA genomic organization and function.
M. Megraw, P. Sethupathy, B. Corda, and A. G. Hatzigeorgiou (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, D149-D155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spliceosomal small nuclear RNA genes in 11 insect genomes.
S. M. Mount, V. Gotea, C.-F. Lin, K. Hernandez, and W. Makalowski (2007)
RNA 13, 5-14
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Applications of High-Throughput RNA Interference Screens to Problems in Cell and Developmental Biology.
N. Perrimon and B. Mathey-Prevot (2007)
Genetics 175, 7-16
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)