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Science 7 November 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5340, pp. 1073 - 1077
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5340.1073
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Articles

Recent Advances in Chemoprevention of Cancer

Waun Ki Hong, * Michael B. Sporn

Chemoprevention is the use of pharmacologic or natural agents that inhibit the development of invasive cancer either by blocking the DNA damage that initiates carcinogenesis or by arresting or reversing the progression of premalignant cells in which such damage has already occurred. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis have led to the synthesis of new drugs that can inhibit tumor development in experimental animals by selective action on specific molecular targets, such as the estrogen, androgen, and retinoid receptors or inducible cyclooxygenase. Several of these agents (including tamoxifen, 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate, and an acyclic retinoid) are clinically effective in preventing the development of cancer, particularly in patients who are at high risk for developing second primary tumors after surgical removal of the initial tumor.

W. K. Hong is in the Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 80, Houston, TX 77030, USA. M. B. Sporn is in the Department of Pharmacology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: whong{at}notes.mdacc.tmc.edu

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Impairment of erbB1 receptor and fluid-phase endocytosis and associated mitogenic signaling by inositol hexaphosphate in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells.
X. Zi, R. P. Singh, and R. Agarwal (2000)
Carcinogenesis 21, 2225-2235
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Protease Inhibitors in Oral Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.
S. M. Lippman and L. M. Matrisian (2000)
Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 4599-4603
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Esterification of all-trans-retinol in normal human epithelial cell strains and carcinoma lines from oral cavity, skin and breast: reduced expression of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase in carcinoma lines.
X. Guo, A. Ruiz, R. R. Rando, D. Bok, and L. J. Gudas (2000)
Carcinogenesis 21, 1925-1933
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Cancer Chemoprevention in the 21st Century: Genetics, Risk Modeling, and Molecular Targets.
W. K. Hong, M. R. Spitz, and S. M. Lippman (2000)
J. Clin. Oncol. 18, 9s-18
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Randomized Trial of Fenretinide in Superficial Bladder Cancer Using DNA Flow Cytometry as an Intermediate End Point.
A. Decensi, R. Torrisi, S. Bruno, M. Costantini, A. Curotto, G. Nicolò, B. Malcangi, L. Baglietto, G. P. Bruttini, B. Gatteschi, et al. (2000)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 1071-1078
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The Retinoids and Cancer Prevention Mechanisms.
K. H. Dragnev, J. R. Rigas, and E. Dmitrovsky (2000)
Oncologist 5, 361-368
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